Question

£¨2010?ÁijÇÄ£Ä⣩³£ÎÂÏ£¬0.1mol?L^-1ijһԪËᣨHA£©ÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨OH^-£©/c£¨H⁺£©=1¡Á10^-8£¬ÏÂÁÐÐðÊöÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©

A£®¸ÃÈÜÒºÖÐË®µçÀë³öµÄc£¨H⁺£©=1¡Á10^-10mol?L^-1

B£®¸ÃÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨H⁺£©+c£¨A^-£©+c£¨HA£©=0.1mol?L^-1

C£®¸ÃÈÜÒºÓë0.05mol?L^-1NaOHÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏºó£ºc£¨A^-£©£¾c£¨Na⁺£©£¾c£¨OH^-£©£¾c£¨H⁺£©

D£®Ïò¸ÃÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿NaA¾§Ìå»ò¼ÓˮϡÊÍ£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨OH^-£©¾ùÔö´ó

Answer 1

·ÖÎö£º¸ù¾ÝÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨OH^-£©Óëc£¨H⁺£©µÄ±ÈÖµ½áºÏÈÜÒºµÄÀë×Ó»ý³£ÊýKw¼ÆËã³öÈÜÒºµÄc£¨H⁺£©£¬ÅжϳöËáµÄÇ¿ÈõÐÔÖÊ£¬ÔÙ¸ù¾ÝÓë¼î·´Ó¦µÄÐÔÖÊÅжϷ´Ó¦ºóÈÜÒºµÄpH£¬½ø¶øÅжϷ´Ó¦ºóÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈµÄ´óС±È½Ï£®
A¡¢ÒÀ¾Ýc£¨OH^-£©/c£¨H⁺£©=1¡Á10^-8ºÍË®µÄÀë×Ó»ýKw=1¡Á10^-14£¬¼ÆËãµÃµ½ËáÈÜÒºÖеÄÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈΪc£¨H⁺£©=0.001mol/L£¬C£¨OH^-£©=10^-11mol/L£»
B¡¢ÒÀ¾ÝÈÜÒºÖеÄÎïÁÏÊغã¿ÉÖªc£¨A^-£©+c£¨HA£©=0.1mol?L^-1£»
C¡¢ÒÀ¾Ý·´Ó¦µÃµ½µÄÊÇHAºÍÑÎNaAµÄ»ìºÏÒº£¬¸ù¾Ý¼ÆËãÅжÏËáÊÇÈõËᣬÈÜÒºÖеĵçºÉÊغãÀ´ÅжÏÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óС±È½ÏµÄÕýÎó£»
D¡¢ÒÀ¾ÝÈõµç½âÖʵĵçÀëƽºâÓ°ÏìÒòËØÓ°ÏìƽºâÒƶ¯µÄ·½Ïò·ÖÎö£»

½â´ð£º½â£ºA¡¢ÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨OH^-£©/c£¨H⁺£©=1¡Á10^-8£¬Kw=C£¨H⁺£©?C£¨OH^-£©=1¡Á10^-14£¬Á½Ê½ÖеÄÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÊÇÈÜÒºÖÐËáµçÀë³öµÄ£¬ÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÊÇË®µçÀë³öµÄ£¬ÁªÁ¢½âµÃC£¨H⁺£©=0.001mol/L£¬È·¶¨ÎªÈõËáÈÜÒº£¬ËùÒÔÈÜÒºÖÐC£¨OH^-£©=10^-11mol/L£¬¼´Ë®µçÀë³öµÄÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈΪ10^-11mol/L£»¹ÊA´íÎó£»
B¡¢0.1mol?L^-1ijһԪËᣨHA£©ÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚµçÀëƽºâ£¬ËùÒÔ¸ù¾ÝÎïÁÏÊغã¿ÉÖªc£¨A^-£©+c£¨HA£©=0.1mol?L^-1£¬ËùÒÔc£¨H⁺£©+c£¨A^-£©+c£¨HA£©=0.1mol?L^-1ÊÇ´íÎóµÄ£¬¹ÊB´íÎó£»
C¡¢0.1mol?L^-1ijһԪËᣨHA£©ÈÜÒºÓë0.05mol?L^-1NaOHÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏºó·´Ó¦£¬·´Ó¦ºóµÄÈÜҺΪµÈŨ¶ÈµÄËáHAºÍÑÎNaAµÄ»ìºÏÒº£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨´æÔÚµçºÉÊغ㣻[H⁺]+[Na⁺]=[OH^-]+[A^-]£¬°´ÕÕÑ¡ÏîÖеÄÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óС£¬Èôc£¨A^-£©£¾c£¨Na⁺£©£¬¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊغãÓ¦ÓÐc£¨OH^-£©£¼c£¨H⁺£©£¬¹ÊC´íÎó£»
D¡¢Í¨¹ý¼ÆËã¿ÉÖªËáΪÈõËá´æÔÚ µçÀëƽºâHA?H⁺+A^-£¬¼ÓˮϡÊÍ´Ù½øµçÀ룬ÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶È¼õС£¬¼ÓÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿NaA¾§Ì壬ÈܽâÉú³ÉµÄA^-Àë×ÓÒÖÖÆÁËËáµÄµçÀ룬ÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶È¼õС£¬¸ù¾ÝζÈÒ»¶¨Ê±ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÓëÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶È³Ë»ýΪ³£Êý£¬¼ÓÈëË®ºÍ¼ÓÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿NaA¾§Ì壬ʹÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶È¼õС£¬ÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÔö´ó£¬¹ÊDÕýÈ·£»
¹ÊÑ¡D£®

µãÆÀ£º±¾Ì⿼²éËá¼î»ìºÏºóÈÜÒºpHµÄÅжϣ¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶȲ»´ó£¬±¾ÌâµÄ¹Ø¼üÊǸù¾ÝÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨H⁺£©Óëc£¨OH^-£©µÄ±ÈÖµ£¬½áºÏÈÜÒºµÄÀë×Ó»ý³£ÊýKw¼ÆËã³öÈÜÒºµÄc£¨H⁺£©£¬ÅжϳöHAΪÈõËᣮ