Question

2£®NH₄Al£¨SO₄£©₂ÊÇʳƷ¼Ó¹¤ÖÐ×îΪ¿ì½ÝµÄʳƷÌí¼Ó¼Á£¬ÓÃÓÚ±º¿¾Ê³Æ·ÖУ»NH₄HSO₄ÔÚ·ÖÎöÊÔ¼Á¡¢Ò½Ò©¡¢µç×Ó¹¤ÒµÖÐÓÃ;¹ã·º£®Çë»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺

£¨1£©ÏàͬÌõ¼þÏ£¬0.1mol•L^-1NH₄Al£¨SO₄£©₂ÖÐc£¨NH₄⁺£©£¼£¨Ìî¡°£¾¡±¡¢¡°£¼¡±»ò¡°=¡±£©0.1mol•L^-1NH₄HSO₄ÖÐc£¨NH₄⁺£©£®
£¨2£©Èçͼ1ÊÇ0.1mol•L^-1µç½âÖÊÈÜÒºµÄpHËæζȱ仯µÄͼÏó£º
¢ÙÆäÖзûºÏ0.1mol•L^-1NH₄Al£¨SO₄£©₂µÄpHËæζȱ仯µÄÇúÏßÊÇ¢ñ£¨Ìîд×Öĸ£©£»
¢Ú20¡æʱ£¬0.1mol•L^-1NH₄Al£¨SO₄£©₂ÖÐ2c£¨SO₄^2-£©-c£¨NH₄⁺£©-3c£¨Al³⁺£©=10^-3mol•L^-1mol•L^-1₊£¨Ìȷֵ£©
£¨3£©ÊÒÎÂʱ£¬Ïò100mL 0.1mol•L^-1NH₄HSO₄ÈÜÒºÖеμÓ0.1mol•L^-1NaOHÈÜÒº£¬µÃµ½µÄÈÜÒºpHÓëNaOHÈÜÒºÌå»ýµÄ¹ØϵÇúÏßÈçͼ2Ëùʾ£®ÊÔ·ÖÎöͼÖÐa¡¢b¡¢c¡¢dËĸöµã£¬Ë®µÄµçÀë³Ì¶È×î´óµÄÊÇa£»ÔÚdµã£¬ÈÜÒºÖи÷Àë×ÓŨ¶ÈÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄÅÅÁÐ˳ÐòÊÇc£¨Na⁺£©£¾c£¨SO₄^2-£©£¾c£¨OH^-£©£¾c£¨NH₄⁺£©£¾c£¨H⁺£©£®

Answer 1

·ÖÎö £¨1£©NH₄Al£¨SO₄£©₂ÖÐAl³⁺Ë®½â³ÊËáÐÔÒÖÖÆNH₄⁺Ë®½â£¬HSO₄^-µçÀë³öH⁺ͬÑùÒÖÖÆNH₄⁺Ë®½â£»
£¨2£©¢ÙNH₄Al£¨SO₄£©₂Ë®½â£¬ÈÜÒº³ÊËáÐÔ£¬Éý¸ßζÈÆäË®½â³Ì¶ÈÔö´ó£»
¢Ú¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊغ㶨ÂɽâÌ⣻
£¨3£©a¡¢b¡¢c¡¢dËĸöµã£¬¸ù¾Ý·´Ó¦Á¿µÄ¹Øϵ£¬aµãÇ¡ºÃÏûºÄÍêH⁺£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÖ»ÓУ¨NH₄£©₂SO₄ÓëNa₂SO₄£»b¡¢c¡¢dÈýµãÈÜÒº¾ùº¬ÓÐNH₃•H₂O£¬£¨NH₄£©₂SO₄¿ÉÒÔ´Ù½øË®µÄµçÀ룬¶øNH₃•H₂OÒÖÖÆË®µÄµçÀ룮dµãÊǼÓÈëµÄÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÎªNH₄HSO₄µÄÁ½±¶£¬µÃµ½µÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈµÄNH₃•H₂O¡¢Na₂SO₄ÈÜÒº£®

½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©NH₄Al£¨SO₄£©₂ÓëNH₄HSO₄ÖеÄNH₄⁺¾ù·¢ÉúË®½â£¬µ«ÊÇNH₄Al£¨SO₄£©₂ÖÐAl³⁺Ë®½â³ÊËáÐÔÒÖÖÆNH₄⁺Ë®½â£¬HSO₄^-µçÀë³öH⁺ͬÑùÒÖÖÆNH₄⁺Ë®½â£¬ÒòΪHSO₄^-µçÀëÉú³ÉµÄH⁺Ũ¶È±ÈAl³⁺Ë®½âÉú³ÉµÄH⁺Ũ¶È´ó£¬ËùÒÔNH₄HSO₄ÖÐNH₄⁺Ë®½â³Ì¶È±ÈNH₄Al£¨SO₄£©₂ÖеÄС£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¼£»
£¨2£©¢ÙNH₄Al£¨SO₄£©₂Ë®½â£¬ÈÜÒº³ÊËáÐÔ£¬Éý¸ßζÈÆäË®½â³Ì¶ÈÔö´ó£¬pH¼õС£¬·ûºÏµÄÇúÏßΪ¢ñ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¢ñ£»
¢Ú¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊغ㣬¿ÉÒÔÇó³ö2c£¨SO₄^2-£©-c£¨NH₄⁺£©-3c£¨Al³⁺£©=c£¨H⁺£©-c£¨OH^-£©=10^-3 mol•L^-1[c£¨OH^-£©Ì«Ð¡£¬¿ÉºöÂÔ]£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º10^-3 mol•L^-1£»
£¨3£©a¡¢b¡¢c¡¢dËĸöµã£¬¸ù¾Ý·´Ó¦Á¿µÄ¹Øϵ£¬aµãÇ¡ºÃÏûºÄÍêH⁺£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÖ»ÓУ¨NH₄£©₂SO₄ÓëNa₂SO₄£»b¡¢c¡¢dÈýµãÈÜÒº¾ùº¬ÓÐNH₃•H₂O£¬£¨NH₄£©₂SO₄¿ÉÒÔ´Ù½øË®µÄµçÀ룬¶øNH₃•H₂OÒÖÖÆË®µÄµçÀ룮dµãÊǼÓÈëµÄÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÎªNH₄HSO₄µÄÁ½±¶£¬µÃµ½µÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈµÄNH₃•H₂O¡¢Na₂SO₄ÈÜÒº£¬NH₃•H₂OÊÇÈõ¼î£¬µçÀëÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬ËùÒÔÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óС¹ØϵΪc£¨Na⁺£©£¾c£¨SO₄^2-£©£¾c£¨OH^-£©£¾c£¨NH₄⁺£©£¾c£¨H⁺£©£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºa£»c£¨Na⁺£©£¾c£¨SO₄^2-£©£¾c£¨OH^-£©£¾c£¨NH₄⁺£©£¾c£¨H⁺£©£®

µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÑÎÀàµÄË®½âºÍÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óСµÄ±È½Ï£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶȽϴ󣬣¨2£©¢ÚΪÒ×´íµã£¬×¢Òâ¸ù¾ÝÊغã˼Ïë½âÌ⣮