Question

1£®Ð´³öÏÂÁз´Ó¦µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£®
£¨1£©ÔÚ25¡æ¡¢101kPaÏ£¬1g¼×´¼È¼ÉÕÉú³ÉCO₂ºÍҺ̬ˮʱ·ÅÈÈ22.68kJ£¬Ôò±íʾ¼×´¼È¼ÉÕÈȵÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪCH₃OH£¨l£©+$\frac{3}{2}$O₂£¨g£©¡úCO₂£¨g£©+2H₂O£¨l£©¡÷H=-725.76kJ•mol^-1£®
£¨2£©ÈôÊÊÁ¿µÄN₂ºÍO₂ÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£¬Ã¿Éú³É23g NO₂ÐèÒªÎüÊÕ16.95kJÈÈÁ¿ÔòN₂ºÍO₂·´Ó¦Éú³ÉNO₂µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪN₂£¨g£©+2O₂£¨g£©=2NO₂£¨g£©¡÷H=+67.8kJ•mol^-1£®
£¨3£©ÒÑÖª²ð¿ª1mol H-H¼ü£¬1molN-H¼ü£¬1molN¡ÔN¼ü·Ö±ðÐèÒªµÄÄÜÁ¿ÊÇ436kJ¡¢391kJ¡¢946kJ£¬
ÔòN₂ÓëH₂·´Ó¦Éú³ÉNH₃µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪN₂£¨g£©+3H₂£¨g£©=2NH₃£¨g£©¡÷H=-92kJ•mol^-1£®
£¨4£©ÒÑÖª£ºN₂H₄£¨g£©+O₂£¨g£©¨TN₂£¨g£©+2H₂O£¨g£©¡÷H=-543kJ/mol
N₂£¨g£©+2O₂£¨g£©¨T2NO₂£¨g£©¡÷H=+67.7kJ/mol
д³öN₂H₄ºÍ¶þÑõ»¯µª·´Ó¦Éú³ÉµªÆøºÍÆø̬ˮµÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ2N₂H₄£¨g£©+2NO₂ £¨g£©¨T3N₂£¨g£©+4 H₂O£¨g£©¡÷H=-1135.7kJ•mol^-1£®

Answer 1

·ÖÎö £¨1£©È¼ÉÕÈÈÊÇ1mol¿ÉȼÎïÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³ÉÎȶ¨Ñõ»¯Îïʱ·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿£»ÔÚ25¡æ¡¢101kPaÏ£¬1g¼×´¼£¨CH₃OH£©È¼ÉÕÉú³ÉCO₂ºÍҺ̬ˮʱ·ÅÈÈ22.68kJ£¬1mol¼×´¼ÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ºÍҺ̬ˮ·ÅÈÈ725.8KJ£»
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝÒÑÖªÁ¿Çó³ö·´Ó¦ÈÈ£¬ÔÙ¸ù¾ÝÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽµÄÊéд·½·¨£»
£¨3£©»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ÖУ¬»¯Ñ§¼ü¶ÏÁÑÎüÊÕÄÜÁ¿£¬ÐγÉл¯Ñ§¼ü·Å³öÄÜÁ¿£¬¸ù¾Ý·½³Ìʽ¼ÆËã·Ö±ðÎüÊպͷųöµÄÄÜÁ¿£¬ÒԴ˼ÆËã·´Ó¦ÈȲ¢ÅжÏÎüÈÈ»¹ÊÇ·ÅÈÈ£»
£¨4£©¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉ£¬ÓÉÒÑÖªÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ³ËÒÔÊʵ±µÄϵÊý½øÐмӼõ¹¹ÔìÄ¿±êÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£¬·´Ó¦ÈÈÒ²³ËÒÔÏàÓ¦µÄϵÊý£¬½øÐÐÏàÓ¦µÄ¼Ó¼õ£®

½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©ÔÚ25¡æ¡¢101kPaÏ£¬1g¼×´¼£¨CH₃OH£©È¼ÉÕÉú³ÉCO₂ºÍҺ̬ˮʱ·ÅÈÈ22.68kJ£¬1mol¼×´¼ÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ºÍҺ̬ˮ·ÅÈÈΪ22.68kJ¡Á32=725.76KJ£¬ËùÒÔ¼×´¼È¼ÉÕÈȵÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪCH₃OH£¨l£©+$\frac{3}{2}$O₂£¨g£©¨TCO₂£¨g£©+2H₂O£¨l£©¡÷H=-725.76 kJ•mol^-1£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCH₃OH£¨l£©+$\frac{3}{2}$O₂£¨g£©¨TCO₂£¨g£©+2H₂O£¨l£©¡÷H=-725.76 kJ•mol^-1£»
£¨2£©ÊÊÁ¿µÄN₂ºÍO₂ÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£¬Ã¿Éú³É23¿ËNO₂ÐèÒªÎüÊÕ16.95kJÈÈÁ¿£¬ËùÒÔÿÉú³É92¿ËNO₂ÐèÒªÎüÊÕ67.8kJÈÈÁ¿£¬
ÔòÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪN₂£¨g£©+2O₂£¨g£©=2NO₂£¨g£©¡÷H=+67.8kJ•mol^-1£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºN₂£¨g£©+2O₂£¨g£©=2NO₂£¨g£©¡÷H=+67.8kJ•mol^-1£»
£¨3£©ÔÚ·´Ó¦N₂+3H₂?2NH₃ÖУ¬¶ÏÁÑ3molH-H¼ü£¬1molNÈýN¼ü¹²ÎüÊÕµÄÄÜÁ¿Îª3¡Á436kJ+946kJ=2254kJ£¬Éú³É2molNH₃£¬¹²ÐγÉ6molN-H¼ü£¬·Å³öµÄÄÜÁ¿Îª6¡Á391kJ=2346kJ£¬ÎüÊÕµÄÄÜÁ¿ÉÙ£¬·Å³öµÄÄÜÁ¿¶à£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦Îª·ÅÈÈ·´Ó¦£¬·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿Îª2346kJ-2254kJ=92kJ£¬N₂ÓëH₂·´Ó¦Éú³ÉNH₃µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£¬N₂£¨g£©+3H₂£¨g£©?2NH₃£¨g£©¡÷H=-92kJ•mol^-1£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºN₂£¨g£©+3H₂£¨g£©?2NH₃£¨g£©¡÷H=-92kJ•mol^-1£»
£¨4£©¢ÙN₂£¨g£©+2O₂£¨g£©=2NO₂£¨g£©¡÷H=+67.7kJ/mol
¢ÚN₂H₄£¨g£©+O₂£¨g£©¨TN₂£¨g£©+2H₂O £¨g£©£»¡÷H=-534kJ•mol^-1
ÓɸÇ˹¶¨ÂÉ£¬¢Ú¡Á2-¢ÙµÃ 2N₂H₄£¨g£©+2NO₂ £¨g£©¨T3N₂£¨g£©+4 H₂O£¨g£©¡÷H=-1135.7kJ•mol^-1
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2N₂H₄£¨g£©+2NO₂ £¨g£©¨T3N₂£¨g£©+4 H₂O£¨g£©¡÷H=-1135.7kJ•mol^-1£®

µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁËÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽµÄÊéд·½·¨£¬Ö÷ÒªÊÇȼÉÕÈȸÅÄîµÄÀí½â·ÖÎö£¬ÌâÄ¿½Ï¼òµ¥£¬ÕÆÎÕ»ù´¡ÊǽâÌâ¹Ø¼ü£®