Question

17£®µªÔªËØ¿ÉÐγɱ»¯Îï¡¢µþµª»¯Îï¼°ÂçºÏÎïµÈ£®
£¨1£©ÔÚÍ­´ß»¯×÷ÓÃÏÂF₂ºÍ¹ýÁ¿NH₃·´Ó¦µÃµ½NF₃£¬Æä·Ö×ÓÁ¢Ìå¹¹ÐÍΪÈý½Ç׶ÐΣ»NF₃ÊǼ«ÐÔ£»·Ö×Ó£¨ÌÐÔ»ò·Ç¼«ÐÔ£©£®¹Ì̬NF₃¾§ÌåÈÛµã±È±ùµÍ£¨Ìî¸ß»òµÍ£©£®
£¨2£©ÇâµþµªËᣨHN₃£©ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÈõËᣬËüµÄËáÐÔÀàËÆÓÚ´×Ëᣬ΢ÈõµçÀë³öH⁺ºÍN₃^-£®
¢ÙÓëN₃^-»¥ÎªµÈµç×ÓÌåµÄ·Ö×ÓÓУºN₂O»òCO₂»òCS₂»òBeCl₂£¨¾Ù1Àý£©£¬ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÍÆÖªN₃^-µÄÁ¢Ìå¹¹ÐÍÊÇÖ±ÏßÐÍ£®
¢Úµþµª»¯Îï¡¢Ç軯ÎïÄÜÓëFe³⁺¼°Cu²⁺¼°Co³⁺µÈÐγÉÂçºÏÎÈ磺[Co£¨N₃£©£¨NH₃£©₅]SO₄¡¢Fe£¨CN£©₆^4-£®Ð´³öîÜÔ­×ÓÔÚ»ù̬ʱµÄµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½£º1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁷4s²£»[Co£¨N₃£©£¨NH₃£©₅]SO₄ÖÐîܵÄÅäλÊýΪ6£®
£¨3£©Óɵþµª»¯ÄÆ£¨NaN₃£©ÈÈ·Ö½â¿ÉµÃ´¿N₂£º2NaN₃£¨s£©¨T2Na£¨l£©+3N₂£¨g£©£¬ÓйØ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇBC £¨Ñ¡ÌîÐòºÅ£©
A£®NaN₃ÓëKN₃½á¹¹ÀàËÆ£¬Ç°Õß¾§¸ñÄܽÏС
B£®µÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜ£¨I₁£©£ºN£¾P£¾S
C£®Äƾ§°û½á¹¹Èçͼ1£¬¸Ã¾§°û·Ö̯2¸öÄÆÔ­×Ó
D£®µªÆø³£ÎÂϺÜÎȶ¨£¬ÊÇÒòΪµªµÄµç¸ºÐÔ´ó

£¨4£©ÈýÂÈ»¯Ìú³£ÎÂÏÂΪ¹ÌÌ壬ÈÛµã282¡æ£¬·Ðµã315¡æ£¬ÔÚ300¡æÒÔÉÏÒ×Éý»ª£®Ò×ÈÜÓÚË®£¬Ò²Ò×ÈÜÓÚÃÑ¡¢±ûͪµÈÓлúÈܼÁ£®¾Ý´ËÅжÏÈýÂÈ»¯Ìú¾§ÌåÀàÐÍΪ·Ö×Ó¾§Ì壻
£¨5£©½ðÊôÌúµÄ¾§ÌåÔÚ²»Í¬Î¶ÈÏÂÓÐÁ½Öֶѻý·½Ê½£¬¾§°û·Ö±ðÈçͼ2Ëùʾ£®ÃæÐÄÁ¢·½¾§°ûºÍÌåÐÄÁ¢·½¾§°ûÖÐʵ¼Êº¬ÓеÄFeÔ­×Ó¸öÊýÖ®±ÈΪ1£º2£®

Answer 1

·ÖÎö £¨1£©¸ù¾ÝNF₃·Ö×ÓÖеªÔ­×ӵļ۲ãµç×Ó¶ÔÊý¼°¹Âµç×Ó¶ÔÊýÅжϷÖ×Ó¹¹ÐÍ¡¢·Ö×ӵļ«ÐÔ£¬Ë®·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÓÐÇâ¼ü¶øNF₃·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äûÓУ¬¾Ý´ËÅжÏÈÛµã¸ßµÍ£»
£¨2£©¢Ù¸ù¾ÝµÈµç×ÓÌåµÄ¶¨Òå·ÖÎö£»¸ù¾Ý¿Õ¼ä¹¹Ð͵ÄÅжϷ½·¨Åжϣ»
¢Ú¸ù¾Ý»ù̬ԭ×ӵļ۵ç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Êéд¹æÔòÊéд£»¸ù¾ÝîܵĿչìµÀÊý¿É¼ÆËã³öÅäλÊý£»
£¨3£©A¡¢¸ù¾Ý×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ìص㣬ÅжϵÚÒ»µçÀëÄܵĴóС£»
B¡¢¸ù¾ÝÀë×Ӱ뾶Ó뾧¸ñÄܵĹØϵ·ÖÎö£»
C¡¢¸ù¾Ý¾ù̯·¨¼ÆË㾧°ûÖÐÔ­×ÓÊý£»
D¡¢¸ù¾ÝµªÆø·Ö×ÓÖеªÔ­×ÓÖ®¼äÓеªµª²Î¼üµÄ½á¹¹·ÖÎö£»
£¨4£©¸ù¾ÝÎïÖʵÄÈ۷еãÅжϾ§ÌåÀàÐÍ£¬È۷еã½ÏµÍµÄΪ·Ö×Ó¾§Ì壻
£¨5£©ÌåÐÄÁ¢·½¾§°ûÖÐFeÔ­×Ó¸öÊý=1+8¡Á$\frac{1}{8}$=2£¬ÃæÐÄÁ¢·½¾§°ûÖÐFeÔ­×Ó¸öÊý=6¡Á$\frac{1}{2}$+8¡Á$\frac{1}{8}$=4£®

½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©NF₃·Ö×ÓÖеªÔ­×ӵļ۲ãµç×Ó¶ÔÊýΪ$\frac{5+3}{2}$=4£¬·Ö×ÓÖÐÓÐÒ»¶Ô¹Âµç×Ó¶Ô£¬ËùÒÔÆä·Ö×Ó¹¹ÐÍΪÈý½Ç׶ÐΣ¬Ì¼¡¢µªÖ®¼äÊǼ«ÐÔ¼ü£¬Æä·Ö×ÓÊǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó£¬ÓÉÓÚË®·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÓÐÇâ¼ü¶øNF₃·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äûÓУ¬ËùÒÔ¹Ì̬NF₃¾§ÌåÈÛµã±È±ùµÍ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÈý½Ç׶ÐΣ»¼«ÐÔ£»µÍ£»
£¨2£©¢ÙN₃^-º¬ÓÐÈý¸öÔ­×Ó22¸öµç×Ó£¬ÓëÆäµÈµç×ÓÌåµÄ·Ö×ÓÓÐN₂O»òCO₂»òCS₂»òBeCl₂£¬N₃^-ÓëCO₂Êǵȵç×ÓÌ壬¾ßÓÐÏàͬµÄ¼Ûµç×ÓÊý£¬ËüÃǾßÓÐÏàËƵĻ¯Ñ§½á¹¹£¬¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÊÇÖ±ÏßÐÍ·Ö×Ó£¬ËùÒÔN₃^-µÄ¿Õ¼ä¹¹ÐÍÊÇÖ±ÏßÐÍ£®
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºN₂O»òCO₂»òCS₂»òBeCl₂£»Ö±Ïߣ»
¢ÚîÜÊÇ27ºÅÔªËØ£¬Æä»ù̬ԭ×ÓºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁷4s²£¬ÆäÅäλÊýÊÇ1+5=6£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁷4s²£»6£»
£¨3£©A¡¢ÏàͬµçºÉʱ£¬¾§¸ñÄÜÓëÀë×ӵİ뾶³É·´±È£¬Àë×Ӱ뾶Խ´ó£¬¾§¸ñÄÜԽС£¬ÄÆÀë×ÓµÄÀë×Ӱ뾶СÓÚ¼ØÀë×ÓµÄÀë×Ӱ뾶£¬ËùÒÔNaN₃µÄ¾§¸ñÄÜ´óÓÚKN₃µÄ¾§¸ñÄÜ£¬¹ÊA´íÎó£»
B¡¢µÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜ£¨I₁£©£ºN£¾P£¾S£¬¹ÊBÕýÈ·£»
C¡¢Äƾ§°ûÖÐÔ­×ÓÊýΪ1+8¡Á$\frac{1}{8}$=2£¬¹ÊCÕýÈ·£»
D¡¢µªÆø·Ö×ÓÖк¬ÓеªµªÈý¼ü£¬¼üÄܽϴó£¬ËùÒÔÐÔÖÊÎȶ¨£¬¹ÊD´íÎó£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBC£»
£¨4£©·Ö×Ó¾§ÌåÈ۷еã½ÏµÍ£¬¸ÃÎïÖʵÄÈ۷еã½ÏµÍ£¬ËùÒÔΪ·Ö×Ó¾§Ì壬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º·Ö×Ó¾§Ì壻
£¨5£©ÌåÐÄÁ¢·½¾§°ûÖÐFeÔ­×Ó¸öÊý=1+8¡Á$\frac{1}{8}$=2£¬ÃæÐÄÁ¢·½¾§°ûÖÐFeÔ­×Ó¸öÊý=6¡Á$\frac{1}{2}$+8¡Á$\frac{1}{8}$=4£¬ËùÒÔÌåÐÄÁ¢·½ºÍÃæÐÄÁ¢·½¾§°ûÖÐFeÔ­×Ó¸öÊýÖ®±È=2£º4=1£º2£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º1£º2£®

µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁ˾§¸ñÄÜ¡¢ÅäλÊý¡¢·Ö×ӵĿռ乹Ð͵È֪ʶµã£¬·Ö×ӵĿռ乹ÐÍ¡¢·Ö×ÓÖÐÔ­×ÓµÄÔÓ»¯ÀàÐ͵ÄÅжÏÊÇÿÄê¸ß¿¼µÄÈȵ㣬¶Ô´Ë֪ʶµãÒ»¶¨ÕÆÎÕ£»ÔªËصÚÒ»µçÀëÄܵĹæÂÉÖУ¬Òª×¢ÒâÒì³£ÏÖÏó²¢»á½âÊÍÔ­Òò£®