½â´ð£º
½â£º£¨1£©¸ù¾ÝµçÀëƽºâ³£ÊýÖª£¬ËáÐÔÇ¿Èõ˳ÐòÊÇ£º²ÝË᣾²ÝËáÇâ¸ùÀë×Ó£¾Ì¼Ë᣾̼ËáÇâ¸ùÀë×Ó£¬ËùÒÔ²ÝËáºÍ̼ËáÄÆ·´Ó¦Éú³É²ÝËáÄƺÍ̼ËáÇâÄÆ£¬Àë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£ºH
2C
2O
4+2CO
32-=C
2O
42-+2HCO
3-£»¼ÓˮϡÊͲÝËá´Ù½ø²ÝËáµçÀ룬µ«ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶È¼õС£¬ÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÔö´ó£¬
A£®ÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÔö´ó£¬ÇâÔ×ÓŨ¶È¼õС£¬ÔòÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÓëÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÖ®±È¼õС£¬¹Ê´íÎó£»
B£®¼ÓˮϡÊÍ´Ù½ø²ÝËáµçÀ룬ÔòÇâÀë×Ó¸öÊýÔö´ó£¬²ÝËá·Ö×Ó¸öÊý¼õС£¬ËùÒÔÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÓë²ÝËá·Ö×ÓŨ¶ÈÖ®±ÈÔö´ó£¬¹ÊÕýÈ·£»
C£®¼ÓˮϡÊÍ´Ù½ø²ÝËá¸ùÀë×ÓµçÀ룬²ÝËá¸ùÀë×Ó¸öÊýÔö´ó£¬²ÝËáÇâ¸ùÀë×Ó¸öÊý¼õС£¬ËùÒÔ²ÝËá¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÓë²ÝËáÇâ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÖ®±ÈÔö´ó£¬¹ÊÕýÈ·£»
D£®Î¶Ȳ»±ä£¬²ÝËáµÄµçÀëƽºâ³£Êý²»±ä£¬¹Ê´íÎó£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºH
2C
2O
4+2CO
32-=C
2O
42-+2HCO
3-£»BC£»
£¨2£©²ÝËáºÍ̼ËáÄƵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÏàµÈ£¬¶þÕß·´Ó¦Éú³É²ÝËáÒ»ÇâÄÆ£¬ÈÜÒº³ÊËáÐÔ£¬ËµÃ÷²ÝËáÇâ¸ùÀë×ÓµçÀë³Ì¶È´óÓÚË®½â³Ì¶È£¬
A.10mL0.1mol?l
-1H
2C
2O
4ÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëVmL0.1mol?L
-1NH
3?H
2OÈÜÒº£¬ËùµÃÈÜÒºpH=7£¬²ÝËáï§ÈÜÒº³ÊËáÐÔ£¬ÒªÊ¹ÈÜÒº³ÊÖÐÐÔ£¬Ò»Ë®ºÏ°±µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ó¦¸ÃÉÔ΢¹ýÁ¿£¬ËùÒÔV£¾20mL£¬¹ÊÕýÈ·£»
B£®µÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈµÄNaHC
2O
4¡¢Na
2C
2O
4¡¢Na
2CO
3ÈÜÒºÖУ¬Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓË®½â³Ì¶È£ºÌ¼Ëá¸ùÀë×Ó£¾Ì¼ËáÇâ¸ùÀë×Ó£¾²ÝËáÇâ¸ùÀë×Ó£¬Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓË®½â³Ì¶ÈÔ½´óÈÜÒºµÄPHÔ½´ó£¬ËùÒÔÕâÈýÖÖÈÜÒºµÄpH´óС˳ÐòΪ£ºNa
2CO
3£¾Na
2C
2O
4£¾NaHC
2O
4£¬¹ÊÕýÈ·£»
C£®²ÝËáÇâÄÆÈÜÒºÖвÝËáÇâ¸ùÀë×ÓµçÀë³Ì¶È´óÓÚË®½â³Ì¶È£¬ÈÜÒº³ÊËáÐÔ£¬Ë®»¹µçÀë³öÇâÀë×Ó£¬µ¼ÖÂÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óÓÚ²ÝËá¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶È£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶È×îС£¬¹Ê´íÎó£»
D£®µÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈµÄNa
2C
2O
4ºÍNaHCO
3»ìºÏÒºÖУ¬¸ù¾ÝÎïÁÏÊغãµÃc£¨H
2CO
3£©+c£¨CO
32- £©+c£¨HCO
3-£©=c£¨C
2O
42- £©+c£¨HC
2O
4-£©+c£¨H
2C
2O
4£©£¬¹Ê´íÎó£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º²ÝËáÇâ¸ùÀë×ÓµçÀë³Ì¶È´óÓÚË®½â³Ì¶È£»AB£»
£¨3£©µ±ÔÚŨ¶È¾ùΪ0.1mol?L
-1µÄNa
2CO
3ºÍNaHCO
3»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëÉÙÁ¿µÄËá»ò¼îʱ£¬ËáÒÖÖÆ̼ËáÇâ¸ùÀë×ÓµçÀ룬ÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓÒÖÖÆ̼Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓË®½â£¬ÈÜÒºÈÜÒºpH±ä»¯²»´ó£»
A£®H
2C
2O
4¡¢NaHC
2O
4ÖвÝËáÄܺͼӦ¡¢²ÝËáÇâÄÆÄܺͼӦ£¬ËùÒÔÄֿܵ¹Íâ¼ÓÉÙÁ¿Ëá»ò¼î¶ÔÈÜÒºpHÓ°Ï죬¹Ê´íÎó£»
B£®NH
4Cl¡¢NaClÖÐÂÈ»¯ï§ÄܺÍËᵫ²»ÄܺͼӦ£¬ËùÒÔ²»Äֿܵ¹Íâ¼ÓÉÙÁ¿Ëá»ò¼î¶ÔÈÜÒºpHÓ°Ï죬¹ÊÕýÈ·£»
C£®NaHSO
3¡¢Na
2SO
3ÖÐÄܺÍËá»ò¼î·´Ó¦£¬ËùÒÔÄֿܵ¹Íâ¼ÓÉÙÁ¿Ëá»ò¼î¶ÔÈÜÒºpHÓ°Ï죬¹Ê´íÎó£»
D£®Na
2S
2O
3¡¢KNO
3ºÍËá·´Ó¦µ«²»ºÍ¼î·´Ó¦£¬ËùÒÔ²»Äֿܵ¹Íâ¼ÓÉÙÁ¿Ëá»ò¼î¶ÔÈÜÒºpHÓ°Ï죬¹ÊÕýÈ·£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºµ±¼ÓÈëÉÙÁ¿Ëáʱ£¬ÇâÀë×ÓºÍ̼Ëá¸ùÀë×Ó·´Ó¦Éú³É̼ËáÇâ¸ùÀë×Ó£¬Ê¹µÃÔö¼ÓµÄÇâÀë×Ó¼õÉÙ£¬µ±¼ÓÈëÉÙÁ¿¼îʱ£¬ÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓºÍ̼ËáÇâ¸ùÀë×Ó×÷ÓÃÉú³É̼Ëá¸ùÀë×Ó£¬Ê¹µÃÔö¼ÓµÄÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×Ó¼õÉÙ£¬Òò¶ø¼ÓÈëÉÙÁ¿µÄËá»ò¼î¶ÔÈÜÒºµÄpHÓ°Ïì²»´ó£»BD£»
£¨4£©C
2O
42-³ÁµíÍêȫʱ£¬ÁîCO
32- µÄŨ¶ÈΪa mol/L£¬ÓÉ̼Ëá¸ÆÈܶȻý¿ÉÖª£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨Ca
2+ £©=
mol/L£¬¹ÊC
2O
42-µÄŨ¶ÈµÄ±ä»¯Á¿=£¨a-
£©mol/L£¬Æ½ºâʱC
2O
42-µÄŨ¶È=0.3mol/L-£¨a-
£©mol/L£¬ÓɲÝËá¸ÆÈܶȻý¿ÉÖª£º[0.3-£¨a-
£©]¡Á
=2.5¡Á10
-9£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐ̼Ëá¸ùŨ¶ÈÔ¶´óÓÚ¸ÆÀë×ÓŨ¶È£¬¿ÉÒÔ½üËÆΪ£¨0.3-a£©¡Á
=2.5¡Á10
-9£¬½âµÃa=0.2£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º0.2mol/L£»
£¨5£©Èç¹û²ÝËáÇâ¸ùÀë×ÓÍêÈ«µçÀ룬ÔòÈÜÒºµÄpH=1£¬ÓÃpH¼Æ²âÁ¿0.10mol/L²ÝËáÇâÄÆÈÜÒºµÄpH´óÓÚ1СÓÚ7£¬ÔòÖ¤Ã÷HC
2O
4-ÔÚË®ÖдæÔÚ×ŵçÀëƽºâ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÓÃpH¼Æ²âÁ¿0.10mol/L²ÝËáÇâÄÆÈÜÒºµÄpH´óÓÚ1СÓÚ7£®