£¨2011?ɽÎ÷Ä£Ä⣩¼×È©ÊÇÖØÒªµÄÓлúºÏ³ÉÔÁÏ£¬´óÁ¿ÓÃÓÚÉú²úÊ÷Ö¬¡¢ºÏ³ÉÏËά¡¢Ò©ÎͿÁϵȣ¬Ò²ÊÇÊÀ½çÎÀÉú×éÖ¯£¨WHO£©È·ÈϵÄÖ°©ÎïºÍÖ»ûÎïÖÊÖ®Ò»£®¾ÝÖйúÊÒÄÚ»·¾³¼à²â¹¤×÷ίԱ»áµ÷²éͳ¼Æ£¬ÖйúÐÂ×°¼ÒÍ¥¼×È©³¬±ê60%ÒÔÉÏ£®ÎÒ¹ú¹æ¶¨ÊÒÄÚ¿ÕÆøÖм×È©º¬Á¿²»µÃ³¬¹ý0.08mg/m
3£®
£¨1£©ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨»ò×ö·¨²»ºÏÀíµÄÊÇ
a
a
£®£¨Ìî×Öĸ£©
a£®Óü×È©ÈÜÒº½þÅÝË®²úÆ·ÒÔ³¤Ê±¼ä±£³ÖË®²úÆ·µÄ¡°ÐÂÏÊ¡±
b£®¸Õ×°ÐÞµÄз¿Èëסǰ·¿¼äÄÚ±£³ÖÒ»¶¨Î¶Ȳ¢×¢Òâͨ·ç
c£®ºÏ³É¡°µõ°×¿é¡±µÄ·´Ó¦NaHSO
3+HCHO¡úNaO-CH
2-SO
3HÊǼӳɷ´Ó¦
d£®¸£¶ûÂíÁÖ¿ÉÓÃÓÚÖÆ×÷¶¯Îï±ê±¾£¨»ò±£´æʬÌ壩
£¨2£©Ä³Ñо¿ÐÔѧϰС×éÄâÓü×È©·¨²â¶¨³£¼ûï§Ì¬µª·ÊµÄº¬µªÁ¿
¡²×ÊÁÏ£º4NH
4++6HCHO=£¨CH
2£©
6N
4H
++3H
++6H
2O£¬ËùÉú³ÉµÄH
+ºÍ£¨CH
2£©
6N
4H
+¿ÉÓÃNaOH±ê×¼ÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨£¬²ÉÓ÷Ó̪×÷ָʾ¼Á¡³£®
Óü×È©·¨²â¶¨º¬µªÁ¿£¬²»ÊʺϵÄï§ÑÎÊÇ
a
a
£®£¨Ìî×Öĸ£©
a£®NH
4HCO
3 b£®£¨NH
4£©
2SO
4 c£®NH
4Cl
£¨3£©¹¤ÒµÖƼ×È©µÄÁ½ÖÖ·½·¨ÈçÏ£¨Êý¾Ý¾ùΪ298.15Kϲⶨ£©£º
·´Ó¦I£º
CH
3OH£¨g£©¡úHCHO£¨g£©+H
2£¨g£©¡÷H
1=+92.09kJ/mol£¬K
1=3.92¡Á10
-11·´Ó¦II£º
CH
3OH£¨g£©+
O
2£¨g£©¡úHCHO£¨g£©+H
2O£¨g£©¡÷H
2=-149.73kJ/mol£¬K
2=4.35¡Á10
29¢ÙÂÌÉ«»¯Ñ§Ìᳫ»¯¹¤Éú²úÓ¦Ìá¸ßÔ×ÓÀûÓÃÂÊ£®·´Ó¦
I
I
£¨Ìî¡°I¡±»ò¡°II¡±£©ÖƼ×È©Ô×ÓÀûÓÃÂʸü¸ß£®´Ó·´Ó¦µÄìʱäºÍƽºâ³£ÊýKÖµ¿´£¬·´Ó¦
II
II
£¨Ìî¡°I¡±»ò¡°II¡±£©ÖƼ×È©¸ü¼ÓÓÐÀû£®
¢Ú·´Ó¦¢ò×Ô·¢½øÐеÄÌõ¼þÊÇ
C
C
£¨Ìî×Öĸ£©£®
a£®¸ßÎÂb£®µÍÎÂc£®ÈκÎÌõ¼þ
¢ÛÓÒÉÏͼÊǼ״¼ÖƼ×È©Óйط´Ó¦µÄlgK£¨Æ½ºâ³£ÊýµÄ¶ÔÊýÖµËæζÈTµÄ±ä»¯£®Í¼ÖÐÇúÏߣ¨1£©±íʾµÄÊÇ·´Ó¦
II
II
£¨Ìî¡°I¡±»ò¡°II¡±£©£®
£¨4£©Ä³Ñо¿ÐÔѧϰС×é²â¶¨¾ÓÊÒÖм×È©µÄº¬Á¿µÄÔÀíÈçÏ£º
4MnO
4-+5HCHO+12H
+=4Mn
2++5CO
2¡ü+11H
2O
´ò¿ªa£¬¹Ø±Õb£¬ÓÃ×¢ÉäÆ÷³éÈ¡ÊÒÄÚ¿ÕÆø£»¹Ø±Õa£¬´ò¿ªb£¬ÔÙÍƶ¯×¢ÉäÆ÷£¬½«ÆøÌ建»ºÍÆÈëËáÐÔKMnO
4ÈÜÒºÖУ¬Ê¹Æä³ä·Ö·´Ó¦£®µ±B×°ÖÃÖÐ
ËáÐÔKMnO4ÈÜÒºÑÕɫͻȻÍÊÈ¥
ËáÐÔKMnO4ÈÜÒºÑÕɫͻȻÍÊÈ¥
ʱֹͣÍÆÆø£®Èô×ܹ²È¡ÑùΪ50L¿ÕÆø£¬Ôò¸Ã¾ÓÊÒÄÚ¿ÕÆøÖм×È©µÄŨ¶È
0.375
0.375
mg/m
3£®