Question

17£®Åð£¨B£©¼°Æ仯ºÏÎïÔÚ»¯Ñ§ÖÐÓÐÖØÒªµÄµØλ£®Çë»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©GaÓëBͬÖ÷×壬GaµÄ»ù̬ԭ×ÓºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p¹£¬µÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòÊÇB£¾Ga
£¨2£©ÅðËᣨH₃B0₃£©ÊÇ°×ɫƬ״¾§Ì壨²ã×´½á¹¹Èçͼ1£©£¬Óл¬Äå¸Ð£¬ÔÚÀäË®ÖÐÈܽâ¶ÈºÜС£¬¼ÓÈÈʱÈܽâ¶ÈÔö´ó£®

¢ÙÅðËáÖÐBÔ­×ÓµÄÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀÀàÐÍΪsp²£®
¢ÚÅðËᾧÌåÖдæÔÚµÄ×÷ÓÃÁ¦Óз¶µÂ»ªÁ¦ºÍ¹²¼Û¼ü¡¢Çâ¼ü£®
¢Û¼ÓÈÈʱ£¬ÅðËáµÄÈܽâ¶ÈÔö´ó£¬Ö÷ÒªÔ­ÒòÊǼÓÈÈÆÆ»µÁËÅðËá·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äµÄÇâ¼ü£¬ÅðËá·Ö×ÓÓëË®·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÇâ¼ü£®
¢ÜÅðËáÊÇÒ»ÔªÈõËᣬÔÚË®ÖеçÀëʱ£¬ÅðËá½áºÏË®µçÀë³öµÄOH¡¥¶ø³ÊËáÐÔ£®Ð´³öÅðËáµÄµçÀë·½³ÌʽH₃BO₃+H₂O?[B£¨OH£©₄]^-+H⁺£®
£¨3£©ÅðÇ⻯ÄÆ£¨NaBH₄£©ÊÇÓлú»¯Ñ§ÖеÄÒ»ÖÖ³£Óû¹Ô­¼Á£¬ÔÚÈÈË®ÖÐË®½âÉú³ÉÅðËáÄƺÍÇâÆø£¬Óû¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ±íʾÆä·´Ó¦Ô­ÀíNaBH₄+4H₂O¨TNa[B£¨OH£©₄]+4H₂¡ü»òNaBH₄+2H₂O¨TNaBO₂+4H₂¡ü£®[BH₄]^-µÄ¿Õ¼ä¹¹ÐÍÊÇÕýËÄÃæÌ壮
£¨4£©B₃N₃H₆¿ÉÓÃÀ´ÖÆÔì¾ßÓÐÄÍÓÍ¡¢Ä͸ßÎÂÐÔÄܵÄÌØÊâ²ÄÁÏ£®Ð´³öËüµÄÒ»Öֵȵç×ÓÌåÎïÖʵķÖ×ÓʽC₆H₆£®
£¨5£©Åð»¯Ã¾¾§ÌåÔÚ39Kʱ³Ê³¬µ¼ÐÔ£®ÔÚÅð»¯Ã¾¾§ÌåÖУ¬Ã¾Ô­×ÓºÍÅðÔ­×ÓÊÇ·Ö²ãÅŲ¼µÄ£¬Í¼2ÊǸþ§Ìå΢¹Û½á¹¹µÄ͸ÊÓͼ£¬Í¼2ÖеÄÅðÔ­×ÓºÍþԭ×ÓͶӰÔÚͬһƽÃæÉÏ£®ÔòÅð»¯Ã¾µÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÎªMgB₂£®
£¨6£©½ð¸ÕʯµÄ¾§°ûÈçͼ3£®Á¢·½µª»¯ÅðµÄ½á¹¹Óë½ð¸ÕʯÏàËÆ£¬ÒÑÖª¾§°û±ß³¤Îª361.5pm£¬ÔòÁ¢·½µª»¯ÅðµÄÃܶÈÊÇ$\frac{4¡Á25}{£¨361.5¡Á1{0}^{-10}£©^{3}¡Á{N}_{A}}$g•cm¡¥³£¨Ö»ÒªÇóÁÐËãʽ£¬²»±Ø¼ÆËã³öÊýÖµ£¬°¢·üÙ¤µÂÂÞ³£ÊýÓÃN_A±íʾ£©£®

Answer 1

·ÖÎö £¨1£©GaÓëBͬÖ÷×壬´¦ÓÚµÚËÄÖÜÆÚ¢óA×壬ºËÍâµç×ÓÊýΪ5+8+18=31£¬½áºÏºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼¹æÂÉÊéд£»Í¬Ö÷×å×ÔÉ϶øϵÚÒ»µçÀëÄܼõС£»
£¨2£©¢ÙÓÉͼ¿ÉÖª£¬BÔ­×ÓÐγÉ3¸öB-O¦Ò¼ü£¬Ã»Óйµç×Ó¶Ô£¬¾Ý´ËÅжÏBÔ­×ÓÔÓ»¯·½Ê½£»
¢ÚÓÉÅðËᾧÌå½á¹¹¿ÉÖª£¬²ãÄÚ·Ö×ÓÖÐOÓëB¡¢HÖ®¼äÐγɹ²¼Û¼ü£¬·Ö×Ó¼äH¡¢OÖ®¼äÐγÉÇâ¼ü£»
¢Û¼ÓÈÈÆÆ»µÁËÅðËá·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äµÄÇâ¼ü£¬ÅðËá·Ö×ÓÓëË®·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÇâ¼ü£»
¢ÜÅðËáÊÇÒ»ÔªÈõËᣬÔÚË®ÖеçÀëʱ£¬ÅðËá½áºÏË®µçÀë³öµÄOH^-¶ø³ÊËáÐÔ£¬¼´µçÀëÉú³É[B£¨OH£©₄]^-¡¢H⁺£»
£¨3£©ÅðÇ⻯ÄÆ£¨NaBH₄£©ÊÇÓлú»¯Ñ§ÖеÄÒ»ÖÖ³£Óû¹Ô­¼Á£¬ÔÚÈÈË®ÖÐË®½âÉú³ÉÅðËáÄƺÍÇâÆø£¬¾Ý´ËÊéд·½³Ìʽ£»¼ÆËã[BH₄]^-ÖÐBÔ­×Ó¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶ÔÊýÓë¹Âµç×Ó¶Ô£¬È·¶¨Æä¿Õ¼ä¹¹ÐÍ£»
£¨4£©Ô­×Ó×ÜÊýÏàͬ¡¢¼Ûµç×Ó×ÜÊýÏàͬµÄ΢Á£»¥ÎªµÈµç×ÓÌ壻
£¨5£©¸Ã¾§Ìå΢¹Û½á¹¹µÄ͸ÊÓͼÖУ¬Ã¿¸öMgÔ­×ÓÖÜΧÓÐ6¸öBÔ­×Ó£¬Ã¿¸öBÔ­×ÓΪ3¸öMgÔ­×Ó¹²Óã¬ÀûÓþù̯·¨¼ÆËã½â´ð£»
£¨6£©½ð¸Õʯ¾§°ûÖÐCÔ­×Ó´¦ÔÚÁ¢·½ÌåµÄ8¸ö¶¥µã£¬6¸öÃæÐÄ£¬ÌåÄÚÓÐ4¸ö£¬¸ù¾Ý¾ù̯·¨¿ÉÖª¾§°ûÖк¬ÓÐ8¸öCÔ­×Ó£¬BNµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½¿ÉÍÆÖª£¬¾§°û½á¹¹Óë½ð¸ÕʯÏàËÆ£¬Ò»¸ö¾§°ûÖи÷º¬ÓÐ4¸öBÔ­×Ó¡¢4¸öNÔ­×Ó£¬½ø¶ø¼ÆË㵪»¯Å𾧰ûÖÊÁ¿£¬¸ù¾ÝÃܶÈ=ÖÊÁ¿¡ÂÌå»ý¼ÆË㵪»¯ÅðµÄÃܶȣ®

½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©GaÓëBͬÖ÷×壬´¦ÓÚµÚËÄÖÜÆÚ¢óA×壬ºËÍâµç×ÓÊýΪ5+8+18=31£¬¸ù¾Ý¹¹ÔìÔ­ÀíÖªÆä»ù̬ԭ×ÓºËÍâµç×Ó·Ö²¼Ê½Îª1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p¹£¬Í¬Ö÷×å×ÔÉ϶øϵÚÒ»µçÀëÄܼõС£¬¹ÊµÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜ£ºB£¾Ga£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p¹£»B£¾Ga£»
£¨2£©¢ÙÓÉÍÈ¿ÉÖª£¬BÔ­×ÓÐγÉ3¸öB-O¦Ò¼ü£¬Ã»Óйµç×Ó¶Ô£¬BÔ­×ÓÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀÊýĿΪ3£¬BÔ­×Ó²ÉÈ¡sp²ÔÓ»¯·½Ê½£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºsp²£»
¢ÚÓÉÅðËᾧÌå½á¹¹¿ÉÖª£¬²ãÄÚ·Ö×ÓÖÐOÓëB¡¢HÖ®¼äÐγɹ²¼Û¼ü£¬·Ö×Ó¼äH¡¢OÖ®¼äÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬²ãÓë²ãÖ®¼äΪ·¶µÂ»ªÁ¦£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¹²¼Û¼ü¡¢Çâ¼ü£»
¢Û¼ÓÈÈÆÆ»µÁËÅðËá·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äµÄÇâ¼ü£¬ÅðËá·Ö×ÓÓëË®·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬¼ÓÈÈʱ£¬ÅðËáµÄÈܽâ¶ÈÔö´ó£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¼ÓÈÈÆÆ»µÁËÅðËá·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äµÄÇâ¼ü£¬ÅðËá·Ö×ÓÓëË®·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÇâ¼ü£»
¢ÜÅðËáÊÇÒ»ÔªÈõËᣬÔÚË®ÖеçÀëʱ£¬ÅðËá½áºÏË®µçÀë³öµÄOH^-¶ø³ÊËáÐÔ£¬¼´µçÀëÉú³É[B£¨OH£©₄]^-¡¢H⁺£¬µçÀë·½³ÌʽΪ£ºH₃BO₃+H₂O?[B£¨OH£©₄]^-+H⁺£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºH₃BO₃+H₂O?[B£¨OH£©₄]^-+H⁺£»
£¨3£©ÅðÇ⻯ÄÆ£¨NaBH₄£©ÊÇÓлú»¯Ñ§ÖеÄÒ»ÖÖ³£Óû¹Ô­¼Á£¬ÔÚÈÈË®ÖÐË®½âÉú³ÉÅðËáÄƺÍÇâÆø£¬·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪ£ºNaBH₄+4H₂O¨TNa[B£¨OH£©₄]+4H₂¡ü»òNaBH₄+2H₂O¨TNaBO₂+4H₂¡ü£»
[BH₄]^-ÖÐBÔ­×Ó¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶ÔÊýΪ4+$\frac{3+1-1¡Á4}{2}$=4£¬Ã»Óйµç×Ó¶Ô£¬Æä¿Õ¼ä¹¹ÐÍΪÕýËÄÃæÌ壬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºNaBH₄+4H₂O¨TNa[B£¨OH£©₄]+4H₂¡ü»òNaBH₄+2H₂O¨TNaBO₂+4H₂¡ü£»ÕýËÄÃæÌ壻
£¨4£©Ô­×Ó×ÜÊýÏàͬ¡¢¼Ûµç×Ó×ÜÊýÏàͬµÄ΢Á£»¥ÎªµÈµç×ÓÌ壬1¸öB¡¢NÔ­×ÓÏ൱ÓÚ2¸öCÔ­×Ó£¬¹ÊB₃N₃H₆µÄÒ»Öֵȵç×ÓÌåÎïÖʵķÖ×ÓʽΪ£ºC₆H₆£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºC₆H₆£»
£¨5£©¸Ã¾§Ìå΢¹Û½á¹¹µÄ͸ÊÓͼÖУ¬Ã¿¸öMgÔ­×ÓÖÜΧÓÐ6¸öBÔ­×Ó£¬Ã¿¸öBÔ­×ÓΪ3¸öMgÔ­×Ó¹²Óã¬ÓÚÒ»¸öMgÔ­×ÓµÄBÔ­×ÓΪ$\frac{1}{3}$¡Á6=2£¬Mg¡¢ÅðÔ­×Ó¸öÊý±ÈΪ1£º2£¬¹ÊÅð»¯Ã¾µÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÎªMgB₂£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºMgB₂£»
£¨6£©½ð¸Õʯ¾§°ûÖÐCÔ­×Ó´¦ÔÚÁ¢·½ÌåµÄ8¸ö¶¥µã£¬6¸öÃæÐÄ£¬ÌåÄÚÓÐ4¸ö£¬½ð¸Õʯ¾§°ûÖÐ̼ԭ×ÓÊýĿΪ£º4+8¡Á$\frac{1}{8}$+6¡Á$\frac{1}{2}$=8£¬BNµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½¿ÉÍÆÖª£¬¾§°û½á¹¹Óë½ð¸ÕʯÏàËÆ£¬Ò»¸ö¾§°ûÖи÷º¬ÓÐ4¸öBÔ­×Ó¡¢4¸öNÔ­×Ó£¬¾§°ûÖÊÁ¿Îª4¡Á$\frac{25}{{N}_{A}}$g£¬¾§°ûµÄÌå»ýÊÇ£¨361.5¡Á10^-10£©³cm³£¬¹ÊÁ¢·½µª»¯ÅðµÄÃܶÈ=4¡Á$\frac{25}{{N}_{A}}$g¡Â£¨361.5¡Á10^-10£©³cm³=$\frac{4¡Á25}{£¨361.5¡Á1{0}^{-10}£©^{3}¡Á{N}_{A}}$g•cm^-3£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º$\frac{4¡Á25}{£¨361.5¡Á1{0}^{-10}£©^{3}¡Á{N}_{A}}$£®

µãÆÀ ±¾ÌâÊǶÔÎïÖʽṹµÄ¿¼²é£¬ÊôÓÚÆ´ºÏÐÍÌâÄ¿£¬É漰֪ʶµã½Ï¶à£¬ÐèҪѧÉú¾ß±¸ÔúʵµÄ»ù´¡ÓëÔúʵǨÒÆÔËÓÃÄÜÁ¦£¬ÄѶÈÖеȣ®