°Ñú×÷ΪȼÁÏ¿Éͨ¹ýÏÂÁÐÁ½ÖÖ;¾¶£º
;¾¶I£ºC£¨s£©+O2 £¨g£©¨TCO2£¨g£©¡÷H1£¼0               ¢Ù
;¾¶II£ºÏÈÖƳÉˮúÆø£ºC£¨s£©+H2O£¨g£©¨TCO£¨g£©+H2£¨g£©¡÷H2£¾0    ¢Ú
ÔÙȼÉÕˮúÆø£º2CO£¨g£©+O2 £¨g£©¨T2CO2£¨g£©¡÷H3£¼0    ¢Û
2H2£¨g£©+O2 £¨g£©¨T2H2O£¨g£©¡÷H4£¼0    ¢Ü
Çë»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©Í¾¾¶I·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿
µÈÓÚ
µÈÓÚ
£¨ Ìî¡°´óÓÚ¡±¡°µÈÓÚ¡±»ò¡°Ð¡ÓÚ¡±£© Í¾¾¶II·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿£®
£¨2£©¡÷H1¡¢¡÷H2¡¢¡÷H3¡¢¡÷H4µÄÊýѧ¹ØϵʽÊÇ
¡÷H1=¡÷H2+
1
2
£¨¡÷H3+¡÷H4£©
¡÷H1=¡÷H2+
1
2
£¨¡÷H3+¡÷H4£©
£®
£¨3£©12g Ì¿·ÛÔÚÑõÆøÖв»ÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³ÉÒ»Ñõ»¯Ì¼£¬·Å³ö110.35kJÈÈÁ¿£®ÆäÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ
C£¨s£©+
1
2
O2£¨g£©=CO£¨g£©¡÷H=-110.35kJ?mol-1
C£¨s£©+
1
2
O2£¨g£©=CO£¨g£©¡÷H=-110.35kJ?mol-1
£®
·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©¸ù¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂɵÄÔ­ÀíÀ´Åжϣ»
£¨2£©¸ù¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉÀ´Åжϸ÷²½·´Ó¦Ö®¼äµÄ¹Øϵ£®
£¨3£©¸ù¾ÝÊéдÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽµÄ·½·¨À´·ÖÎö£®
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©ÓɸÇ˹¶¨ÂÉ¿ÉÖª£ºÈôÊÇÒ»¸ö·´Ó¦¿ÉÒÔ·Ö²½½øÐУ¬Ôò¸÷²½·´Ó¦µÄÎüÊÕ»ò·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿×ܺÍÓëÕâ¸ö·´Ó¦Ò»´Î·¢ÉúʱÎüÊÕ»ò·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿Ïàͬ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºµÈÓÚ£»
£¨2£©¸ù¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉ£¬·´Ó¦1=·´Ó¦2+·´Ó¦3¡Á
1
2
+·´Ó¦4¡Á
1
2
 ËùÒÔ¡÷H1=¡÷H2+
1
2
£¨¡÷H3+¡÷H4£©£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¡÷H1=¡÷H2+
1
2
£¨¡÷H3+¡÷H4£©£»
£¨3£©12g Ì¿·ÛÔÚÑõÆøÖв»ÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³ÉÒ»Ñõ»¯Ì¼£¬·Å³ö110.35kJÈÈÁ¿£¬¼´1molÌ¿·ÛÔÚÑõÆøÖв»ÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³ÉÒ»Ñõ»¯Ì¼£¬·Å³ö110.35kJÈÈÁ¿£¬ÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£ºC£¨s£©+
1
2
O2 £¨g£©=CO£¨g£©¡÷H=-110.35 kJ?mol-1£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºC£¨s£©+1
1
2
O2 £¨g£©=CO£¨g£©¡÷H=-110.35 kJ?mol-1£®
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ì⿼²éѧÉú¸Ç˹¶¨ÂɵÄÓ¦ÓÃÒÔ¼°·´Ó¦Îü·ÅÈÈÓë·´Ó¦Îï¡¢Éú³ÉÎïÄÜÁ¿Ö®¼äµÄ¹Øϵ£¬¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾ÝËùѧ֪ʶ½øÐлشð£¬ÄѶȲ»´ó£®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÏ°Ìâ

¿ÆÄ¿£º¸ßÖл¯Ñ§ À´Ô´£º ÌâÐÍ£º

I£®°Ñú×÷ΪȼÁÏ¿Éͨ¹ýÏÂÁÐÁ½ÖÖ;¾¶£º
;¾¶¢ñC£¨s£©+O2£¨g£©¨TCO2£¨g£©£»¡÷H1£¼0¢Ù
;¾¶¢òÏÈÖƳÉˮúÆø£º
C£¨s£©+H2O£¨g£©¨TCO£¨g£©+H2£¨g£©£»¡÷H2£¾0    ¢Ú
ÔÙȼÉÕˮúÆø£º
2CO£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©¨T2CO2£¨g£©£»¡÷H3£¼0¢Û
2H2£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©¨T2H2O£¨g£©£»¡÷H4£¼0    ¢Ü
Çë»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©Í¾¾¶¢ñ·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿ÀíÂÛÉÏ
µÈÓÚ
µÈÓÚ
£¨Ìî¡°£¾¡±¡°=¡±»ò¡°£¼¡±£©Í¾¾¶¢ò·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿£®
£¨2£©¡÷H1¡¢¡÷H2¡¢¡÷H3¡¢¡÷H4µÄÊýѧ¹ØϵʽÊÇ
¡÷H1=¡÷H2+
1
2
£¨¡÷H3+¡÷H4£©
¡÷H1=¡÷H2+
1
2
£¨¡÷H3+¡÷H4£©
£®
£¨3£©ÒÑÖª£º¢ÙC£¨s£©+O2£¨g£©=CO2£¨g£©£»¡÷H=-393.5kJ?mol-1
¢Ú2CO£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©=2CO2£¨g£©£»¡÷H=-566kJ?mol-1
¢ÛTiO2£¨s£©+2Cl2£¨g£©=TiCl4£¨s£©+O2£¨g£©£»¡÷H=+141kJ?mol-1
ÔòTiO2£¨s£©+2Cl2£¨g£©+2C£¨s£©=TiCl4£¨s£©+2CO£¨g£©µÄ¡÷H=
-80kJ?mol-1
-80kJ?mol-1
£®
¢ò£®£¨1£©ÔÚ25¡æ¡¢101kPaÏ£¬1gҺ̬¼×´¼£¨CH3OH£©È¼ÉÕÉú³ÉCO2ºÍҺ̬ˮʱ·ÅÈÈ
22 7kJ£¬Ôò¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽӦΪ
CH3OH£¨l£©+
3
2
O2£¨g£©¨TCO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-726.4kJ?mol-1
CH3OH£¨l£©+
3
2
O2£¨g£©¨TCO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-726.4kJ?mol-1
£®
£¨2£©ÓÉÇâÆøºÍÑõÆø·´Ó¦Éú³É1molҺ̬ˮʱ·ÅÈÈ285.8kJ£¬Ð´³ö¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ
H2£¨g£©+
1
2
O2£¨g£©¨TH2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-285.8kJ?mol-1
H2£¨g£©+
1
2
O2£¨g£©¨TH2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-285.8kJ?mol-1
£®Èô1gË®ÕôÆøת»¯³ÉҺ̬ˮ·ÅÈÈ2.444kJ£¬Ôò·´Ó¦2H2£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©¨T2H2O£¨g£©µÄ¡÷H=
-483.6kJ/mol
-483.6kJ/mol
£®

²é¿´´ð°¸ºÍ½âÎö>>

¿ÆÄ¿£º¸ßÖл¯Ñ§ À´Ô´£º ÌâÐÍ£º

»ð¼ýÍƽøÆ÷ÖÐÊ¢ÓÐÇ¿»¹Ô­¼ÁҺ̬루N2H4£©ºÍÇ¿Ñõ»¯¼ÁҺ̬˫ÑõË®£®µ±°Ñ0.4molҺ̬ëºÍ0.8mol H2O2»ìºÏ·´Ó¦£¬Éú³ÉµªÆøºÍË®ÕôÆø£¬·Å³ö256.7kJµÄÈÈÁ¿£¨Ï൱ÓÚ25¡æ¡¢101kPaϲâµÃµÄÈÈÁ¿£©£®
£¨1£©·´Ó¦µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ
N2H4£¨g£©+2H2O2£¨l£©=N2£¨g£©+4H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-641.75kJ/mol
N2H4£¨g£©+2H2O2£¨l£©=N2£¨g£©+4H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-641.75kJ/mol
£®
£¨2£©ÓÖÒÑÖªH2O£¨l£©=H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=+44kJ/mol£®Ôò16gҺ̬ëÂÓëҺ̬˫ÑõË®·´Ó¦Éú³ÉҺ̬ˮʱ·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿ÊÇ
408.875KJ
408.875KJ
kJ£®
£¨3£©´Ë·´Ó¦ÓÃÓÚ»ð¼ýÍƽø£¬³ýÊÍ·Å´óÁ¿ÈȺͿìËÙ²úÉú´óÁ¿ÆøÌåÍ⣬»¹ÓÐÒ»¸öºÜ´óµÄÓŵãÊÇ
²úÎï²»»áÔì³É»·¾³ÎÛȾ
²úÎï²»»áÔì³É»·¾³ÎÛȾ
£®
£¨4£©¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉÔÚÉú²úºÍ¿ÆѧÑо¿ÖÐÓкÜÖØÒªµÄÒâÒ壮ÒÑÖª°Ñú×÷ΪȼÁÏ¿Éͨ¹ýÏÂÁÐÁ½ÖÖ;¾¶£º
;¾¶I£ºC£¨s£©+O2 £¨g£©¨TCO2£¨g£©¡÷H1£¼0                    ¢Ù
;¾¶II£ºÏÈÖƳÉˮúÆø£ºC£¨s£©+H2O£¨g£©¨TCO£¨g£©+H2£¨g£©¡÷H2£¾0   ¢Ú
ÔÙȼÉÕˮúÆø£º2CO£¨g£©+O2 £¨g£©¨T2CO2£¨g£©¡÷H3£¼0    ¢Û
2H2£¨g£©+O2 £¨g£©¨T2H2O£¨g£©¡÷H4£¼0   ¢Ü
Ôò¡÷H1¡¢¡÷H2¡¢¡÷H3¡¢¡÷H4µÄÊýѧ¹ØϵʽÊÇ
¡÷H1=¡÷H2+
1
2
£¨¡÷H3+¡÷H4£©
¡÷H1=¡÷H2+
1
2
£¨¡÷H3+¡÷H4£©
£®

²é¿´´ð°¸ºÍ½âÎö>>

¿ÆÄ¿£º¸ßÖл¯Ñ§ À´Ô´£º ÌâÐÍ£º

»ð¼ýÍƽøÆ÷ÖÐÊ¢ÓÐÇ¿»¹Ô­¼ÁҺ̬루N2H4£©ºÍÇ¿Ñõ»¯¼ÁҺ̬˫ÑõË®¡£µ±°Ñ0.4molҺ̬ëºÍ0.8mol H2O2»ìºÏ·´Ó¦£¬Éú³ÉµªÆøºÍË®ÕôÆø£¬·Å³ö256.7kJµÄÈÈÁ¿(Ï൱ÓÚ25¡æ¡¢101 kPaϲâµÃµÄÈÈÁ¿)¡£

£¨1£©·´Ó¦µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ                                          ¡£

£¨2£©ÓÖÒÑÖªH2O(l)£½H2O(g)   ¦¤H£½+44kJ/mol¡£Ôò16gҺ̬ëÂÓëҺ̬˫ÑõË®·´Ó¦Éú³ÉҺ̬ˮʱ·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿ÊÇ                      kJ¡£

£¨3£©´Ë·´Ó¦ÓÃÓÚ»ð¼ýÍƽø£¬³ýÊÍ·Å´óÁ¿ÈȺͿìËÙ²úÉú´óÁ¿ÆøÌåÍ⣬»¹ÓÐÒ»¸öºÜ´óµÄÓŵãÊÇ                                                 ¡£

£¨4£©¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉÔÚÉú²úºÍ¿ÆѧÑо¿ÖÐÓкÜÖØÒªµÄÒâÒå¡£ÒÑÖª°Ñú×÷ΪȼÁÏ¿Éͨ¹ýÏÂÁÐÁ½ÖÖ;¾¶£º

;¾¶I£ºC(s) +O2 (g) == CO2(g)      ¡÷H1<0                    ¢Ù

;¾¶II£ºÏÈÖƳÉˮúÆø£ºC(s) +H2O(g) == CO(g)+H2(g)   ¡÷H2>0   ¢Ú

ÔÙȼÉÕˮúÆø£º2CO(g)+O2 (g) == 2CO2(g)     ¡÷H3<0    ¢Û

2H2(g)+O2 (g) == 2H2O(g)      ¡÷H4<0   ¢Ü

Ôò¡÷H1¡¢¡÷H2¡¢¡÷H3¡¢¡÷H4µÄÊýѧ¹ØϵʽÊÇ                                 ¡£

²é¿´´ð°¸ºÍ½âÎö>>

¿ÆÄ¿£º¸ßÖл¯Ñ§ À´Ô´£º2010Äê¹ã¶«Ê¡¶«Ý¸ÊÐÎåУÁª¿¼¸ß¶þÉÏѧÆÚÆÚÖп¼ÊÔ»¯Ñ§¾í ÌâÐÍ£ºÌî¿ÕÌâ

»ð¼ýÍƽøÆ÷ÖÐÊ¢ÓÐÇ¿»¹Ô­¼ÁҺ̬루N2H4£©ºÍÇ¿Ñõ»¯¼ÁҺ̬˫ÑõË®¡£µ±°Ñ0.4molҺ̬ëºÍ0.8mol H2O2»ìºÏ·´Ó¦£¬Éú³ÉµªÆøºÍË®ÕôÆø£¬·Å³ö256.7kJµÄÈÈÁ¿(Ï൱ÓÚ25¡æ¡¢101 kPaϲâµÃµÄÈÈÁ¿)¡£
£¨1£©·´Ó¦µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ                                         ¡£
£¨2£©ÓÖÒÑÖªH2O(l)£½H2O(g)   ¦¤H£½+44kJ/mol¡£Ôò16gҺ̬ëÂÓëҺ̬˫ÑõË®·´Ó¦Éú³ÉҺ̬ˮʱ·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿ÊÇ                     kJ¡£
£¨3£©´Ë·´Ó¦ÓÃÓÚ»ð¼ýÍƽø£¬³ýÊÍ·Å´óÁ¿ÈȺͿìËÙ²úÉú´óÁ¿ÆøÌåÍ⣬»¹ÓÐÒ»¸öºÜ´óµÄÓŵãÊÇ                                                ¡£
£¨4£©¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉÔÚÉú²úºÍ¿ÆѧÑо¿ÖÐÓкÜÖØÒªµÄÒâÒå¡£ÒÑÖª°Ñú×÷ΪȼÁÏ¿Éͨ¹ýÏÂÁÐÁ½ÖÖ;¾¶£º
;¾¶I£ºC(s) +O2 (g) == CO2(g)     ¡÷H1<0                   ¢Ù
;¾¶II£ºÏÈÖƳÉˮúÆø£ºC(s) +H2O(g) == CO(g)+H2(g)  ¡÷H2>0  ¢Ú
ÔÙȼÉÕˮúÆø£º2CO(g)+O2 (g) == 2CO2(g)    ¡÷H3<0   ¢Û
2H2(g)+O2 (g) == 2H2O(g)     ¡÷H4<0  ¢Ü
Ôò¡÷H1¡¢¡÷H2¡¢¡÷H3¡¢¡÷H4µÄÊýѧ¹ØϵʽÊÇ                                ¡£

²é¿´´ð°¸ºÍ½âÎö>>

¿ÆÄ¿£º¸ßÖл¯Ñ§ À´Ô´£º2010Äê¹ã¶«Ê¡¶«Ý¸ÊÐÎåУÁª¿¼¸ß¶þÉÏѧÆÚÆÚÖп¼ÊÔ»¯Ñ§¾í ÌâÐÍ£ºÌî¿ÕÌâ

»ð¼ýÍƽøÆ÷ÖÐÊ¢ÓÐÇ¿»¹Ô­¼ÁҺ̬루N2H4£©ºÍÇ¿Ñõ»¯¼ÁҺ̬˫ÑõË®¡£µ±°Ñ0.4molҺ̬ëºÍ0.8mol H2O2»ìºÏ·´Ó¦£¬Éú³ÉµªÆøºÍË®ÕôÆø£¬·Å³ö256.7kJµÄÈÈÁ¿(Ï൱ÓÚ25¡æ¡¢101 kPaϲâµÃµÄÈÈÁ¿)¡£

£¨1£©·´Ó¦µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ                                          ¡£

£¨2£©ÓÖÒÑÖªH2O(l)£½H2O(g)   ¦¤H£½+44kJ/mol¡£Ôò16gҺ̬ëÂÓëҺ̬˫ÑõË®·´Ó¦Éú³ÉҺ̬ˮʱ·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿ÊÇ                      kJ¡£

£¨3£©´Ë·´Ó¦ÓÃÓÚ»ð¼ýÍƽø£¬³ýÊÍ·Å´óÁ¿ÈȺͿìËÙ²úÉú´óÁ¿ÆøÌåÍ⣬»¹ÓÐÒ»¸öºÜ´óµÄÓŵãÊÇ                                                 ¡£

£¨4£©¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉÔÚÉú²úºÍ¿ÆѧÑо¿ÖÐÓкÜÖØÒªµÄÒâÒå¡£ÒÑÖª°Ñú×÷ΪȼÁÏ¿Éͨ¹ýÏÂÁÐÁ½ÖÖ;¾¶£º

;¾¶I£ºC(s) +O2 (g) == CO2(g)      ¡÷H1<0                    ¢Ù

;¾¶II£ºÏÈÖƳÉˮúÆø£ºC(s) +H2O(g) == CO(g)+H2(g)   ¡÷H2>0   ¢Ú

ÔÙȼÉÕˮúÆø£º2CO(g)+O2 (g) == 2CO2(g)     ¡÷H3<0    ¢Û

2H2(g)+O2 (g) == 2H2O(g)      ¡÷H4<0   ¢Ü

Ôò¡÷H1¡¢¡÷H2¡¢¡÷H3¡¢¡÷H4µÄÊýѧ¹ØϵʽÊÇ                                 ¡£

 

²é¿´´ð°¸ºÍ½âÎö>>

ͬ²½Á·Ï°²á´ð°¸