Question

16£®³£ÎÂÏ£¬ÏÂÁÐÓйØÈÜÒºÖÐ΢Á£µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È¹Øϵ²»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©

• A£® Ïò0.1mol•L^-1pH=2µÄHFÈÜÒº¼ÓˮϡÊÍ£¬$\frac{c£¨{H}^{+}£©}{c£¨HF£©}$Ôö´ó
• B£® Ïò0.2 mol•L^-1NaHCO₃ÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëµÈÌå»ý0.1 mol•L^-1NaOHÈÜÒº£ºc£¨HCO₃^-£©£¾c£¨CO₃^2-£©£¾c£¨OH^-£©£¾c£¨H⁺£©
• C£® Ũ¶È¾ùΪ0.1 mol•L^-1µÄNH₃•H₂OÈÜÒººÍNH₄ClÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ£ºc£¨NH₄⁺£©+c£¨NH₃•H₂O£©=2c£¨Cl^-£©
• D£® Ϊȷ¶¨Ä³ËáH₂AÊÇÇ¿ËỹÊÇÈõËᣬ¿É²âNaHAÈÜÒºµÄpH£®ÈôpH£¾7£¬ÔòH₂AÊÇÈõË᣻ÈôpH£¼7£¬ÔòH₂AÊÇÇ¿Ëá

Answer 1

·ÖÎö A£®·ú»¯ÇâÈÜÒºÊÇÈõËáÈÜÒº´æÔÚµçÀëƽºâ£¬¼ÓˮϡÊÍ´Ù½øµçÀ룬ÇâÀë×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿×î´ó¡¢·ú»¯ÇâµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿¼õС£»
B£®·´Ó¦ºóÈÜÖÊΪµÈŨ¶ÈµÄ̼ËáÇâÄƺÍ̼ËáÄÆ£¬Ì¼Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓµÄË®½â³Ì¶È´óÓÚ̼ËáÇâ¸ùÀë×Ó£¬Ôòc£¨HCO₃^-£©£¾c£¨CO₃^2-£©£»
C£®¸ù¾Ý»ìºÏÒºÖеÄÎïÁÏÊغãÅжϣ»
D£®NaHAÈÜÒºµÄpH£¼7£¬¿ÉÄÜÊÇHA^-µÄµçÀë³Ì¶È´óÓÚÆäË®½â³Ì¶È£¬²»ÄܾݴËÅжÏH₂AÇ¿Ëᣮ

½â´ð ½â£ºA£®·ú»¯ÇâÊÇÈõµç½âÖÊ´æÔÚµçÀëƽºâ£¬¼ÓˮϡÊÍÈõËá´Ù½øµçÀ룬ÇâÀë×ÓÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ôö´ó£¬·ú»¯ÇâÎïÖʵÄÁ¿¼õС£¬Ôò$\frac{c£¨{H}^{+}£©}{c£¨HF£©}$ʼÖÕ±£³ÖÔö´ó£¬¹ÊAÕýÈ·£»
B£®Ïò0.2 mol•L^-1NaHCO₃ÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëµÈÌå»ý0.1 mol•L^-1NaOHÈÜÒº£¬·´Ó¦ºóÈÜÖÊΪµÈŨ¶ÈµÄ̼ËáÄƺÍ̼ËáÇâÄÆ£¬ÓÉÓÚ̼Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓµÄË®½â³Ì¶È´óÓÚ̼ËáÇâ¸ùÀë×Ó£¬Ôòc£¨HCO₃^-£©£¾c£¨CO₃^2-£©£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óСΪ£ºc£¨HCO₃^-£©£¾c£¨CO₃^2-£©£¾c£¨OH^-£©£¾c£¨H⁺£©£¬¹ÊBÕýÈ·£»
C£®Å¨¶È¾ùΪ0.1 mol•L^-1µÄNH₃•H₂OÈÜÒººÍNH₄ClÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ£¬¸ù¾ÝÎïÁÏÊغã¿ÉµÃ£ºc£¨NH₄⁺£©+c£¨NH₃•H₂O£©=2c£¨Cl^-£©£¬¹ÊCÕýÈ·£»
D£®ÎªÈ·¶¨Ä³ËáH₂AÊÇÇ¿ËỹÊÇÈõËᣬ¿É²âNaHAÈÜÒºµÄpH£¬ÈôpH£¾7£¬ÔòH₂AÊÇÈõË᣻µ«ÊÇÈÜÒºµÄpH£¼7£¬²»ÄÜÈ·¶¨H₂AÊÇÇ¿ËᣬҲ¿ÉÄÜΪÈõËᣬÓÉÓÚHA^-µÄµçÀë³Ì¶È´óÓÚÆäË®½â³Ì¶È£¬ÈÜÒºÏÔʾËáÐÔ£¬¹ÊD´íÎó£»
¹ÊÑ¡D£®

µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁËÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óС±È½Ï£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬Éæ¼°Èõµç½âÖʵĵçÀë¼°ÆäÓ°Ïì¡¢Ëá¼î»ìºÏµÄ¶¨ÐÔÅжϡ¢Àë×ÓŨ¶È´óС±È½ÏµÈ֪ʶ£¬Ã÷È·µçºÉÊغ㡢ÎïÁÏÊغ㼰ÑεÄË®½âÔ­ÀíΪ½â´ð¹Ø¼ü£¬ÊÔÌâÅàÑøÁËѧÉúµÄ·ÖÎö¡¢Àí½âÄÜÁ¦¼°Áé»îÓ¦ÓÃÄÜÁ¦£®