¿¼µã£ºÔ×ÓºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼,¹²¼Û¼üµÄÐγɼ°¹²¼Û¼üµÄÖ÷ÒªÀàÐÍ,Åжϼòµ¥·Ö×Ó»òÀë×ӵĹ¹ÐÍ,¾§°ûµÄ¼ÆËã,Ô×Ó¹ìµÀÔÓ»¯·½Ê½¼°ÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍÅжÏ
רÌ⣺Ô×Ó×é³ÉÓë½á¹¹×¨Ìâ,»¯Ñ§¼üÓ뾧Ìå½á¹¹
·ÖÎö£ºA¡¢B¡¢C¡¢D¡¢E¡¢F¾ùΪǰËÄÖÜÆÚÔªËØ£®BÔªËصÄ×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊýÊÇÆäµç×Ó²ãÊýµÄ3±¶£¬BÔ×ÓÖ»ÄÜÓÐ2¸öµç×Ӳ㣬×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊýΪ6£¬ÔòBΪOÔªËØ£»CÔªËØÔ×ÓµÄMµç×Ó²ãµÄPÑDzãÖÐÓÐ3¸öδ³É¶Ôµç×Ó£¬ÔòÆäÔ×ÓºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îª1s
22s
22p
63s
23p
3£¬¹ÊCΪPÔªËØ£»DÔªËØÔ×ÓºËÍâµÄM²ãÖÐÖ»ÓÐ2¶Ô³É¶Ôµç×Ó£¬ÔòÆäÔ×ÓºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îª1s
22s
22p
63s
23p
4£¬¹ÊDΪSÔªËØ£»BÀë×ÓÓëEÀë×Ó¾ßÓÐÏàͬµÄµç×Ó²ã½á¹¹£¬ºËÍâµç×ÓÊýΪ10£¬¿ÉÐγÉE
2B
2¡¢E
2BÐÍ»¯ºÏÎÔòEΪNa£»FÔªËØλÓÚÔªËØÖÜÆÚ±íµÄdsÇø£¬ÆäÔ×ÓÓëEÔ×Ó¾ßÓÐÏàͬµÄ×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊý£¬ÔòFΪCu£¬AÔªËصÄÔ×Ó¼Ûµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îªns
2np
2£¬ÊôÓÚµÚ¢ôA×壻
£¨1£©¸ù¾ÝÄÜÁ¿×îµÍÔÀíÊéдCuÔ×ÓºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼£»¸ù¾Ý×îºóµç×ÓÌî³äµÄÄܼ¶È·¶¨ÆäÔÚÖÜÆÚ±íÖеÄÇøÓò£»
£¨2£©AÔªËصÄÔ×Ó¼Ûµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îªns
2np
2£¬µ±n=2ʱAΪ̼ԪËØ£¬ÓëÇâÔªËØÐγɵÄÏà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿Îª28µÄ·Ö×ÓΪÒÒÏ©£»£¨3£©AÔªËصÄÔ×Ó¼Ûµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îªns
2np
2£¬µ±n=3ʱ£¬AÊÇSiÔªËØ£¬¹èºÍÑõÐγɵľ§ÌåÊǶþÑõ»¯¹è¾§Ì壬ÊôÓÚÔ×Ó¾§Ì壻Si¾§ÌåÖÐÿ¸öSiÔ×ÓÓëÁíÍâ4¸öSiÔ×ÓÐγÉÕýËÄÃæÌå½á¹¹£¬Ã¿¸öSi-Si¼üΪSiÔ×ÓÌṩ
£¬¸ù¾Ý¾ù̯·¨¼ÆËãSiÔ×ÓËù´¦¹²¼Û¼üÊýÄ¿£¬¾Ý´Ë½â´ð£»
£¨4£©AB
nÐÍ·Ö×ÓAÔ×ӹ¶Եç×ÓÊý=
£¨a-xb£©£¬aΪAÔ×Ó¼Ûµç×ÓÊýÄ¿£¬xΪAÔ×Ó½áºÏÔ×ÓÊý£¬bΪBÔ×Ó×î¶à½áºÏµç×ÓÊýÄ¿£»
£¨5£©¸ù¾Ý¾ù̯·¨¼ÆË㾧°ûÖÐCuÔ×Ó¡¢OÔ×ÓÊýÄ¿£¬¾Ý´ËÈ·¶¨»¯Ñ§Ê½£»
£¨6£©CuΪ½ðÊô¾§Ì壬¾§ÌåÖÐCuλÓÚ¶¥µãºÍÃæÐÄ£»ÓÉCuµÄ´×ËáÑξ§Ìå¾Ö²¿½á¹¹Í¼¿ÉÖª£¬´æÔÚC-C¡¢C=O¹²¼Û¼üºÍÍÀë×ÓÌṩ¿Õ¹ìµÀ¡¢OÔ×ÓÌṩ¹Â¶Ôµç×ÓµÄÅäλ¼ü£¬ÒÔ´ËÀ´½â´ð£»
£¨7£©ÏàͬÄܲãµç×ÓÄÜÁ¿Ïà²î²»´ó£¬²»ÄÜÄܲãµç×ÓÄÜÁ¿Ïà²î½Ï´ó£¬¹Êʧȥ²»Í¬Äܲãµç×ÓʱµçÀëÄܻᷢÉúͻԾ£¬ÓɱíÖÐÊý¾Ý¿ÉÖª£¬Ê§È¥µÚ6¸öµç×Óʱ£¬µçÀëÄܾçÔö£¬¹Ê¸ÃÔªËØ×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊýΪ5£®
½â´ð£º
½â£ºA¡¢B¡¢C¡¢D¡¢E¡¢F¾ùΪǰËÄÖÜÆÚÔªËØ£®BÔªËصÄ×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊýÊÇÆäµç×Ó²ãÊýµÄ3±¶£¬BÔ×ÓÖ»ÄÜÓÐ2¸öµç×Ӳ㣬×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊýΪ6£¬ÔòBΪOÔªËØ£»CÔªËØÔ×ÓµÄMµç×Ó²ãµÄPÑDzãÖÐÓÐ3¸öδ³É¶Ôµç×Ó£¬ÔòÆäÔ×ÓºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îª1s
22s
22p
63s
23p
3£¬¹ÊCΪPÔªËØ£»DÔªËØÔ×ÓºËÍâµÄM²ãÖÐÖ»ÓÐ2¶Ô³É¶Ôµç×Ó£¬ÔòÆäÔ×ÓºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îª1s
22s
22p
63s
23p
4£¬¹ÊDΪSÔªËØ£»BÀë×ÓÓëEÀë×Ó¾ßÓÐÏàͬµÄµç×Ó²ã½á¹¹£¬ºËÍâµç×ÓÊýΪ10£¬¿ÉÐγÉE
2B
2¡¢E
2BÐÍ»¯ºÏÎÔòEΪNa£»FÔªËØλÓÚÔªËØÖÜÆÚ±íµÄdsÇø£¬ÆäÔ×ÓÓëEÔ×Ó¾ßÓÐÏàͬµÄ×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊý£¬ÔòFΪCu£»
£¨1£©ÓÉÉÏÊö·ÖÎö¿ÉÖª£¬BΪÑõÔªËØ£»FΪCuÔ×Ó£¬ºËÍâµç×ÓÊýΪ29£¬¸ù¾ÝÄÜÁ¿×îµÍÔÀí£¬ºËÍâµÄ¼Ûµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îª3d
104s
1£¬DΪSÔªËØ£¬ÍâΧµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îª3s
23p
4£¬µç×Ó×îºóÌî³äpÄܼ¶£¬ÊôÓÚpÇøÔªËØ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÑõÔªËØ£»3d
104s
1£»p£»
£¨2£©AÔªËصÄÔ×Ó¼Ûµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îªns
2np
2£¬µ±n=2ʱAΪ̼ԪËØ£¬ÓëÇâÔªËØÐγɵÄÏà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿Îª28µÄ·Ö×ÓΪÒÒÏ©£¬º¬ÓÐ4C-H¡¢1¸öC=C£¬Òò´Ëº¬ÓÐ5¸ö¦Ò¼ü£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º5£»
£¨3£©AÔªËصÄÔ×Ó¼Ûµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îªns
2np
2£¬µ±n=3ʱ£¬AÊÇSiÔªËØ£¬¹èºÍÑõÐγɵľ§ÌåÊǶþÑõ»¯¹è¾§Ì壬ÊôÓÚÔ×Ó¾§Ì壻Si¾§ÌåÖÐÿ¸öSiÔ×ÓÓëÁíÍâ4¸öSiÔ×ÓÐγÉÕýËÄÃæÌå½á¹¹£¬SiÔ×Ó³É4¸ö¦Ò¼ü¡¢²»º¬¹Â¶Ôµç×Ó£¬²ÉÈ¡sp
3ÔÓ»¯£¬Ã¿¸öSi-Si¼üΪSiÔ×ÓÌṩ
£¬¼´Ã¿¸öSiÔ×ӳɹ²¼Û¼üÊýĿΪ4¡Á
=2£¬¹Ê¹è¾§ÌåÖÐSiÔ×ÓÓëSi-Si¼üÊýÄ¿Ö®±È=1£º2£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÔ×Ó£»sp
3£»1£º2£»
£¨4£©SCl
2·Ö×ÓÖУ¬ÖÐÐÄÔ×ÓSº¬Óй¶Եç×Ó¶ÔÊý=
=2£¬SCl
2·Ö×ÓÖÐSÔ×Ó¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶ÔÊý=2+2=4£¬¹ÊÆä¿Õ¼ä¹¹ÐÍΪVÐΣ¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2£»V£»
£¨5£©Óɾ§°û½á¹¹¿ÉÖª£¬¾§°ûÖÐCuÔ×ÓÊýÄ¿=4¡¢OÔ×ÓÊýÄ¿=1+8¡Á
=2£¬¹Ê¸ÃÑõ»¯ÎïµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÎªCu
2O£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCu
2O£»
£¨6£©CuΪ½ðÊô¾§Ì壬¾§ÌåÖÐCuλÓÚ¶¥µãºÍÃæÐÄ£»ÓÉCuµÄ´×ËáÑξ§Ìå¾Ö²¿½á¹¹Í¼¿ÉÖª£¬´æÔÚC-C·Ç¼«ÐÔ¼ü¡¢C=O¼«ÐÔ¹²¼Û¼üºÍÍÀë×ÓÌṩ¿Õ¹ìµÀ¡¢OÔ×ÓÌṩ¹Â¶Ôµç×ÓµÄÅäλ¼ü£¬¼´º¬ÓеĻ¯Ñ§¼üΪ¢Ù¢Ú¢Û£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¢Ù¢Ú¢Û£»
£¨7£©ÏàͬÄܲãµç×ÓÄÜÁ¿Ïà²î²»´ó£¬²»ÄÜÄܲãµç×ÓÄÜÁ¿Ïà²î½Ï´ó£¬¹Êʧȥ²»Í¬Äܲãµç×ÓʱµçÀëÄܻᷢÉúͻԾ£¬ÓɱíÖÐÊý¾Ý¿ÉÖª£¬Ê§È¥µÚ6¸öµç×Óʱ£¬µçÀëÄܾçÔö£¬¹Ê¸ÃÔªËØ×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊýΪ5£¬¿ÉÄÜΪÉÏÊöPÔªËØ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºP£®
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ì⿼²éÎïÖʽṹÓëÐÔÖÊ£¬ÌâÄ¿±È½Ï×ۺϣ¬Éæ¼°½á¹¹ÐÔÖÊλÖùØϵ¡¢ºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼¡¢·Ö×ӽṹÓëÐÔÖÊ¡¢¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶Ô»¥³âÀíÂÛ¡¢ÔÓ»¯ÀíÂÛ¡¢»¯Ñ§¼ü¡¢µçÀëÄÜ¡¢¾§°û¼ÆËãµÈ£¬²àÖØ¿¼²éÖ÷¸É֪ʶ£¬ÐèҪѧÉú¾ß±¸ÔúʵµÄ»ù´¡ÖªÊ¶£¬ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬£¨3£©ÎªÒ×´íµã¡¢Äѵ㣬עÒâʶ¼ÇÖÐѧ³£¼û¾§Ìå½á¹¹£®