Question

14£®£¨1£©ÔÚ±ê×¼×´¿öÏ£¬ÓÐÏÂÁÐÎïÖÊ£º¢Ù4g H₂  ¢Ú33.6L CH₄  ¢Û1mol H₂O  ¢Ü3.01¡Á10²³¸öO₂£¬
ÆäÖк¬·Ö×ÓÊý×î¶àµÄÊÇ£¨ÇëÔÚºáÏßÉÏÌîдÐòºÅ£¬ÏÂͬ£©¢Ù£¬º¬Ô­×ÓÊý×îÉÙµÄÊǢܣ¬ÖÊÁ¿×î´óµÄÊÇ¢Ú£¬Ìå»ý×îСµÄÊÇ¢Û£»
£¨2£©º¬0.4mol Al³⁺µÄAl₂£¨SO₄£©₃ÖÐËùº¬µÄSO₄^2-µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÊÇ0.6mol£»
£¨3£©Èô1¿ËH₂OÖк¬ÓÐa¸öÇâÔ­×Ó£¬Ôò°¢·ü¼ÓµÂÂÞ³£ÊýÓú¬aµÄ´úÊýʽ¿É±íʾΪ9amol^-1£®

Answer 1

·ÖÎö £¨1£©ÀûÓÃÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¨n£©ÓëÁ£×ÓÊý£¨N£©¡¢ÎïÖÊÖÊÁ¿£¨m£©¡¢ÆøÌåÌå»ý£¨V£©µÄ¹Øϵ¹«Ê½£ºn=$\frac{N}{{N}_{A}}$¡¢n=$\frac{m}{M}$¡¢n=$\frac{V}{{V}_{m}}$£¬½øÐÐÇóËã±È½Ï£¬×¢Òâ1molH₂OµÄÌå»ýÇóË㣬²»ÄÜÀûÓà n=$\frac{V}{{V}_{m}}$£¬ÔÚ±ê×¼×´¿öÏ£¬Ë®²»ÊÇÆøÌ壬ÀûÓÃÃܶȹ«Ê½$¦Ñ=\frac{m}{V}$ÇóË㣬ˮµÄÃܶȽüËÆΪ ¦ÑË®=1g•ml-1£»
£¨2£©ÓÉ»¯Ñ§Ê½¿ÉÖª£¬Al³⁺¡¢SO₄^2-µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ2£º3£¬¾Ý´Ë¼ÆË㣻
£¨3£©Ïȸù¾Ýn=$\frac{m}{M}$¼ÆËã³ö1gË®µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬´Ó¶ø¼ÆËã³ö1gË®Öк¬ÓеÄÇâÔ­×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬ÔÙ¸ù¾Ý°¢·üÙ¤µÂÂÞ³£ÊýN_A=$\frac{N}{n}$½øÐмÆËã¼´¿É£®

½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©±ê×¼×´¿öÏ£¬¢Ù4gH₂µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º$\frac{4g}{2g/mol}$=2mol£»4gH₂Ëùº¬Ô­×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º2mol¡Á2=4mol£»4gH₂µÄÌå»ýÊÇ£º2mol¡Á22.4L/mol=44.8L
¢Ú33.6LCH₄µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º$\frac{33.6L}{22.4L/mol}$=1.5mol£»33.6LCH₄Ëùº¬Ô­×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º1.5mol¡Á5=7.5mol£»33.6LCH₄µÄÖÊÁ¿ÊÇ£º1.5mol¡Á16g/mol=24g
¢Û1molH₂OËùº¬Ô­×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º1mol¡Á3=3mol£»1molH₂OµÄÖÊÁ¿ÊÇ£º1mol¡Á18g/mol=18g£»1molH₂OµÄÌå»ýÊÇ£º$\frac{18g}{1g/ml}$=18ml
¢Ü3.01¡Á10²³¸öO₂µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º$\frac{3.01¡Á1{0}^{23}}{6.02¡Á1{0}^{23}mo{l}^{-1}}$=0.5mol£»
3.01¡Á10²³¸öO₂Ëùº¬Ô­×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º0.5mol¡Á2=1mol£»
3.01¡Á10²³¸öO₂µÄÖÊÁ¿ÊÇ£º0.5mol¡Á32g/mol=16g£»
3.01¡Á10²³¸öO₂µÄÌå»ýÊÇ£º0.5mol¡Á22.4L/mol=11.2L
º¬·Ö×ÓÊýÓɶൽÉÙµÄ˳Ðò£º¢Ù£¾¢Ú£¾¢Û£¾¢Ü£»º¬Ô­×ÓÊýÓɶൽÉÙµÄ˳Ðò£º¢Ú£¾¢Ù£¾¢Û£¾¢Ü
ÖÊÁ¿ÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòÊÇ£º¢Ú£¾¢Û£¾¢Ü£¾¢Ù£»Ìå»ýÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòÊÇ£º¢Ù£¾¢Ú£¾¢Ü£¾¢Û
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¢Ù£»¢Ü£»¢Ú£»¢Û£»
£¨2£©ÓÉ»¯Ñ§Ê½¿ÉÖª£¬Al³⁺¡¢SO₄^2-µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ2£º3£¬0.4mol Al³⁺µÄAl₂£¨SO₄£©₃ÖÐËùº¬µÄSO₄^2-µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÊÇ£º0.4mol¡Á$\frac{3}{2}$=0.6mol£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º0.6mol£»
£¨3£©1gË®µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£ºn£¨H₂O£©=$\frac{1g}{18g/mol}$=$\frac{1}{18}$mol£¬$\frac{1}{18}$molË®Öк¬ÓÐHÔ­×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£ºn£¨H£©=$\frac{1}{18}$mol¡Á2=$\frac{1}{9}$mol£¬
Ôò°¢·üÙ¤µÂÂÞ³£ÊýN_A=$\frac{N}{n}$=$\frac{a}{\frac{1}{9}mol}$=9a mol^-1£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º9a mol^-1£®

µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éµÄÊÇÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ºÍ°¢·üÙ¤µÂÂÞ³£ÊýµÄ¼ÆË㣬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶȲ»´ó£¬×¢ÒâÕÆÎÕ°¢·üÙ¤µÂÂÞ³£ÊýµÄ¸ÅÄÃ÷È·°¢·üÙ¤µÂÂÞ³£ÊýÓëÎïÖʵÄÁ¿¡¢Ä¦¶ûÖÊÁ¿µÈÎïÀíÁ¿Ö®¼äµÄ¹Øϵ£®