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如图所示,单匝线圈ABCD在外力作用下以速度v向右匀速进入匀强磁场,第二次又以速度2v匀速进入同一匀强磁场.求:

(1)第二次与第一次线圈中最大电流之比;

(2)第二次与第一次外力做功的最大功率之比;

(3)第二次与第一次线圈中产生热量之比.

(1)2∶1  (2)4∶1(3)2∶1  


解析:

(1)线圈以速度v匀速进入磁场,当CD边在磁场中时,线框中感应电动势其中L为CD边的长度.                                             

   此时线框中的感应电流为,其中R为线框的总电阻.   

   同理,线圈以速度2v匀速进入磁场时,线框中的感应电流最大值为

   所以第二次与第一次线圈中最大电流之比为2∶1                      (4分)

  (2)线圈以速度v匀速进入磁场,当CD边在磁场中时,CD边受安培力最大,最大值为 .由于线圈做匀速运动,所以此时外力也最大,且外力大小等于安培力大小,此时外力的功率为.                 

   同理,线圈以速度2v匀速进入磁场时,外力的最大功率为

所以第二次与第一次外力做功的最大功率之比为4∶1                    (4分)

  (3)线圈以速度v匀速进入磁场,线框中的感应电流为

   设AD边长为l则线框经过时间完全进入磁场,此后线框中不再有感应电流.所以第一次线框中产生的热量为         

同理,线圈以速度2v匀速进入磁场时,线框中产生的热量为                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

所以第二次与第一次线圈中产生热量之比为2∶1                        (4分)           

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