Question

The extraordinary Eastgate Building in Harare, Zimbabwe’s capital city, is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound(白蚁堆).

????????????? Architect Mick Pearce used precisely the same strategy when designing the Eastgate Building, which has no air-conditioning and almost no heating. The building—the country’s largest commercial and shopping complex—uses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size. The Eastgate’s owners saved $3.5 million on a $36 million building because an air-conditioning equipment didn’t have to be imported.

????????????? The complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady, glass-roofed atrium(天井) open to the air. Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium, blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents(通风口). As it rises and warms, it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through forty-eight brick chimneys.

????????????? During summer’s cool nights, big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to cool the empty floors. By day, smaller fans blow two changes of air an hour through the building, to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors. For winter days, there are small heaters in the vents.

????????????? This is all possible only because Harare is 1600 feet above sea level, has cloudless skies, little dampness and rapid temperature changes—days as warm as 31℃ commonly drop to 14℃ at night. “You couldn’t do this in New York, with its hot summers and cold winters,” Pearce said.

????????????? The engineering firm of Ove Arup&Partners monitors daily temperatures. It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23℃ and 25℃, with the exception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November, when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night. And the air is fresh—far more so than in air-conditioned buildings, where up to 30% of the air is recycled.

1.Why was Eastgate cheaper to be built than a conventional building??

A. It was designed in a smaller size.

B. No air conditioners were fixed in.

C. Its heating system was less advanced.

D. It used rather different building materials.

2.What does “it” refer to in Paragraph 3?

A. Fresh air from outside.????????????? ????????????? B. Heat in the building.????????????? ?????????????

C. Hollow space.????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. Baseboard vent.

3.Why would a building like Eastgate Not work efficiently in New York?

A. New York has less clear skies as Harare.

B. Its dampness affects the circulation of air.

C. New York covers a larger area than Harare.

D. Its temperature changes seasonally rather than daily.

4.The data in the last paragraph suggests Eastgate’s temperature control system_____.

A. allows a wide range of temperatures

B. functions well for most of the year

C. can recycle up to 30% of the air

D. works better in hot seasons

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.B

2.A

3.D

4.B

【解析】

试题分析：本文讲新型的建筑Eastgate,它比传统的建筑省钱，因为不需要装空调，它是利用天井和风扇把外面新鲜空气吸到办公室里面，这样空气即新鲜又经济。

1.细节题：从第二段的句子：The Eastgate’s owners saved $3.5 million on a $36 million building because an air-conditioning equipment didn’t have to be imported. 可知Eastgate比传统的建筑便宜，因为它不需要装空调，选B

2.指代题：从第三段的句子：Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium, blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents(通风口). 可知新鲜空气一个通过通风口，另外当它上升变暖，最后通过被烟囱从天花板吸走，可知这里的it指“新鲜空气”，选A

3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段提到This is all possible only because Harare is 1600 feet above sea level, has cloudless skies, little dampness and rapid temperature swings—days as warm as 31℃ commonly drop to 14℃ at night. “You couldn’t do this in New York, with its fantastically hot summers and fantastically cold winters,得知只有一定海拔高度，并且白天的气温30度而夜晚气温14度的条件才能实现，而纽约的天气是近季节变化而不是天，选D

4.细节理解题。根据最后一段提到It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23℃ and 25℃, 除了 the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November, when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night得知建筑物内的温度保持在23到25度，除10月与11月的雨季之外。所 以这个系统一年的大部分时间都能用，选B

考点：考查科普类阅读。