11．Saying"I'm sorry"when you've hurt someone can be a hard thing to do．We're stubborn creatures，after all，and don't love dealing with it when we're wrong．But apologizing，and meaning it，is an important part of the forgiveness process．
Michael McCullough made a research and found that the most sincere，forgiveness-inducing apologies include saying"I'm sorry"，offering to make up for the wrongdoing in some way，and taking responsibility．And the reason why they work so well is largely based on principles of evolution：the apologies make the transgressor（犯错的人）seem more valuable as a relationship partner，and also help the victim feel less at risk of getting hurt again．
One basic scientific implication of the results is that the human psychology of conflict resolution is usually similar to that of animals which live in groups．"Many group-living animals，but particularly mammals，seem to use‘peace-making gestures'as signals of their desire to end conflict and restore cooperative relationships with other individuals after aggressive conflict has occurred，"McCullough said．"We seem to reach a common view on this point．"
"I would say that empathy（情感共鸣）is a part of good mental health，and that could be a part of the natural selection process，too，"Bethany Marshall says．"Humans with empathy tend to be healthier and make better choices in life，while those who are aggressive don't tend to do as well．"
And having empathy when you've hurt someone，she says，is the best way to apologize．"The most important thing is that you feel the other person's pain，"she explains．"So instead of using logic to explain or defend，look inward to identify why you did the bad thing．Then convey that to them and say that you would like to make it better．That counts．"
You can make it even better by making sure to act differently the next time around--what the study authors referred to as"compensation"（补偿）．But what tends to happen often，says Marshall，is that people get defensive about what they've done，or even mad at the person they've wronged．So watch your response，because the worst apology，she adds，"is one where the victim is blamed．"
51．When you hurt someone and apologize，it meansD．
A．you won't take risk of getting hurt
B．you put a good value on a sincere partner
C．you have to pay a price for your wrongdoing
D．you are ready to be responsible
52．In the experiment，McCullough find thatB．
A．animals are more cooperative with other individuals
B．humans'psychology is very close to animals'when dealing with conflicts
C．aggressive conflicts aren't easy to end among animals
D．signal gestures may help end conflicts
53．According to Marshall，people with empathy tend toC．
A．defend themselves for what they have done
B．try to explain why they do something logically
C．find fault with themselves seriously
D．show aggressive behaviors in life
54．To make up for the wrongdoing，you need toD．
A．convey the bad things to others
B．experience the other person's pain
C．be careful of your response
D．promise to behave yourself well next time
55．What is the main idea of the passage？A
A．Why apologizing the right way matters．
B．How you accept apologizing of others．
C．When it is suitable to apologize．
D．What you will make an apology for．
分析 短文主要讲了当你做错事时，道歉是至关重要的．
解答 51．D，细节理解题，根据句子Michael McCullough made a research and found that the most sincere，forgiveness-inducing apologies include saying"I'm sorry"，offering to make up for the wrongdoing in some way，and taking responsibility可知，当你做错后向人道歉意味着你开始承担责任，故答案为D．
52．B，细节理解题，根据句子One basic scientific implication of the results is that the human psychology of conflict resolution is usually similar to that of animals which live in groups可知，人类处理冲突时的心理和动物是一样的，故答案为B．
53．C，推理判断题，根据句子So instead of using logic to explain or defend，look inward to identify why you did the bad thing．可知，那些有情感共鸣的人倾向于寻找自身的错误，故答案为C．
54．D，细节理解题，根据句子Then convey that to them and say that you would like to make it better可知，为了弥补错误的行为，下一次你需要做得更好，故答案为D．
55．A，主旨大意题，短文主要讲了当你做错事时，道歉是至关重要的，故答案为A．
点评 解答任务型阅读理解题，首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意．因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料．其次，细读题材，各个击破．掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息．最后，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性．对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准．
