Question

By the mid?nineteenth century, the term “icebox” had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in places like hotels and hospitals, and by some forward?looking city businessmen in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861～1865 ), it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half of the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one?third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, early form of the modern refrigerator，had been invented.

Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, people only had some simple and basic knowledge of the physics of heat. The common idea that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Early efforts to save ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance needed for an efficient icebox.

But as early as 1803, a Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been in the correct direction. He owned a farm and used an icebox of his own design for the transportation of his butter to a market in the village of Georgetown. And there he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting goods of his competitors to pay a higher price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one?pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.As a result，Moore managed to earn a large sum of money.

The Origin of Refrigerators
History of the icebox	*By the mid?19th century the1._______ that ice had on American citizens' life was limited mainly to the diet. *When cities grew, the ice 2.________ increased. *Forward?looking businessmen used ice to keep meat, fish and butter3._______. *After the Civil War, due to the 4._______ of the modern refrigerator, household use of ice became possible.
Incorrect5.________ about the icebox	*The icebox 6.________ best when the ice was prevented from melting. *Ice should be 7.________ up in blankets to help do its jobs.
Thomas Moore's story	*As early as 1803, Thomas Moore knew how to use an icebox8.________. *An icebox was designed by Thomas Moore to9.________ his butter to the market. *Thomas Moore was very10.______ in his business.

 

Answer 1

1.effect/influence/impact

2.trade/business/deal

3.fresh

4.invention/appearance

5.ideas/views/opinions

6.worked/functioned

7.wrapped/packed/parceled

8.correctly/properly/efficiently

9.transport/deliver

10.successful

【解析】

试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了冰箱的发展过程。起初人们只是在宾馆，医院使用，后来随着美国内战的爆发，人们在家里也开始用icebox来储存食品，慢慢地icebox经过不断改进，成了现在的冰箱。

1.effect/influence/impact信息转换题。根据首段中but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States.可知19世纪中期冰仅仅用于人们的饮食，其中affect是信息提示词，故此处填 effect/influence/impact ，构成固定短语have effcet/ influence /impact on “对….有影响”。

2.trade/business/deal信息查找题。根据The ice trade grew with the growth of cities.可知填trade/business/deal。

3.fresh信息理解题。根据Ice was used ……by some forward?looking city businessmen in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter.可知生意人用冰来对食品保鲜，填fresh。

4.invention/appearance信息转换题。根据首段末句….This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, early form of the modern refrigerator，had been invented.可知由于冰箱的发明，冰在家庭的使用开始普及。

5.ideas/views/opinions根据The common idea that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was…..可知此处说的是人们对冰的使用的错误认识，填ideas/views/opinions 。

6.worked/functioned信息归纳题。根据for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling.可知此处指冰在融化的状态下才能更好地起到冷藏物品的作用，填worked/functioned 。

7.wrapped/packed/parceled信息查找题。从Early efforts to save ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job.可知冰用毯子等包裹起来后才会更好地发挥它的作用。

8.correctly/properly/efficiently信息概括题。从文章第三段可知早在1803，Thomas Moore就会正确地使用对冰来保存食品，填correctly/properly/efficiently。

9.transport/deliver 信息转换题。根据末段He owned a farm and used an icebox of his own design for the transportation of his butter to a market中的transportation可知他是用特制的冰盒来运输奶油，故填transport或者deliver。

10.successful 信息归纳题。根据末句As a result，Moore managed to earn a large sum of money.可知他赚了很多钱，也就是获得了成功，填successful。

考点：考查任务型阅读