Question

【题目】请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

Many of today's young people have a difficult time seeing any moral dimension to their actions. There are a number of reasons why that’s true, but none more important than a failed system of education that avoids teaching children the traditional moral values that bind Americans together as a society and a culture. That failed approach, called 'decision-making', was introduced in schools 25 years ago. It tells children to decide for themselves what is right and what is wrong. It replaced 'character education', which didn't ask children to reinvent the moral wheel, but encouraged them to practice habits of courage, justice and self- control.

Decision-making curriculums pose ethical dilemmas to students, leaving them with the impression that all morality is problematic and that all questions of right and wrong are based on people's own ideas. Youngsters are forced to question values and virtues they've never acquired in the first place. The assumption behind this method is that students will arrive at good moral conclusions if they are given the chance. But the actual result is moral confusion.

This kind of confusion further encouraged by values-education programs that are little more than courses in self-worth. These programs are based on the questionable assumption that a child who feels good about himself or herself won't want to do anything wrong. But it is just as reasonable to make an opposite assumption: namely, that a child who always believes in and accepts himself will conclude that he or she can't do anything bad.

It is time to throw 'decision-making' and 'none-judgementalism' into the rubbish heap of failed policies, and return to a proved method. Character education provides a much more realistic approach to moral formation. It is built on an understanding that we learn morality not by debating it, but by practicing it.

Children Must Be Taught to Distinguish Right from Wrong

Problem	Many young people find it 【1】 to see their actions in a moral way.
Reason	Replacing character education, the decision-making approach does not teach children 【2】 morality but emphasizes subjective judgment on right and wrong.
Consequences	● 【3】 decision-making curriculums were meant to give students the chance to 【4】good moral conclusions by themselves, they make students 【5】 confused, due to the 【6】 of criteria on what's right and wrong. ● Values-education programs 【7】 students' moral confusion. Those with self-acceptance will make the assumption that they can't do anything wrong. ● Public education based on decision-making approach, which 【8】 to guide youngsters on the right track, fuels the explosion of serious 【9】 problems.
Solution	An immediate shift back to character education is needed. Moral formation can be achieved by means of 【10】.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】hard/difficult

【2】traditional

【3】While

【4】draw/ reach

【5】morally

【6】absence

【7】worsen

【8】fails

【9】social

【10】practice

【解析】

这是一篇议论文。美国的决策教育是失败的，因为它不仅没有教会孩子道德，还让他们产生了道德困惑，造成了严重的社会问题。文章呼吁重新开始品格教育，因为它才是道德教育实现的途径。

【1】考查形容词。根据第一段的Many of today's young people have a difficult time seeing any moral dimension to their actions.可知，今天的许多年轻人很难看到自己行为的道德层面。此处用hard/difficult “困难的”符合文意，故填hard/difficult。

【2】考查形容词。根据第一段的There are a number of reasons why that's true, but none more important than a failed system of education that avoids teaching children the traditional moral values that bind Americans together as a society and a culture. That failed approach, called 'decision-making', was introduced in schools 25 years ago.可知，这种情况有很多原因，但最重要的是一个失败的教育系统，它避免教给孩子们把美国人作为一个社会和文化联系在一起的传统道德价值观。这种失败方法叫做“决策”，25年前被引入学校。此处用traditional“传统的”符合文意，故填traditional。

【3】考查连词。根据第二段的Decision-making curriculums pose ethical dilemmas to students, leaving them with the impression that all morality is problematic and that all questions of right and wrong are based on people's own ideas.和But the actual result is moral confusion.可知，决策教育不仅没有让孩子学会道德，但实际结果是道德混乱。故前后文是转折关系，此处用while“尽管”符合文意，故填While。

【4】考查动词。根据第一段的It tells children to decide for themselves what is right and what is wrong.可知，决策教育告诉孩子们自己决定什么是对，什么是错。此处用reach/draw“得出/总结”符合文意，故填reach/draw。

【5】考查副词。根据第二段的But the actual result is moral confusion.可知，但实际的结果是道德上的混乱。此处用morally“道德上地”符合文意，故填morally。

【6】考查名词。根据第二段的Youngsters are forced to question values and virtues they've never acquired in the first place.可知，年轻人被迫去质疑他们一开始就没有获得过的价值观和美德。即他们缺乏判断对错的标准，故此处用absence“缺乏”符合文意，故填absence。

【7】考查动词。根据第三段的This kind of confusion further encouraged by values-education programs可知，价值观教育计划进一步助长了这种混乱。此处用worsen“恶化”符合文意，故填worsen。

【8】考查动词。根据第三段的These programs are based on the questionable assumption that a child who feels good about himself or herself won't want to do anything wrong. But it is just as reasonable to make an opposite assumption: namely, that a child who always believes in and accepts himself will conclude that he or she can't do anything bad.(这些项目基于一个假设的问题，那就是一个自我感觉良好孩子不会想做任何错事。但是，做一个相反的假设也是合理的，即：一个总是相信自己、接受自己的孩子会得出这样的结论：他/她不会做任何错事)可知，决策教育并没有把孩子们引导进入正确的轨道，反而会造成严重的社会问题。故此处用fail“失败”符合文意，故填fails。

【9】考查形容词。根据第三段的These programs are based on the questionable assumption that a child who feels good about himself or herself won't want to do anything wrong. But it is just as reasonable to make an opposite assumption: namely, that a child who always believes in and accepts himself will conclude that he or she can’t do anything bad.(这些项目基于一个假设的问题，那就是一个自我感觉良好孩子不会想做任何错事。但是，做一个相反的假设也是合理的，即：一个总是相信自己、接受自己的孩子会得出这样的结论：他/她不会做任何错事)可知，决策教育并没有把孩子们引导进入正确的轨道，反而会造成严重的社会问题。故此处用social“社会的”符合文意，故填social。

【10】考查名词。根据最后一段的It is built on an understanding that we learn morality not by debating it, but by practicing it.可知，它是建立在这样一种理解之上的：我们学习道德不是通过辩论而是通过实践。此处用practice“实践”符合文意，故填practice。