Question

【题目】 When people are rude to their co-workers or treat them badly, they probably don’t realize the unintended victims in the encounter could be the co-workers, children. Women who experience incivility in the workplace are more likely to engage in stricter, more authoritarian parenting practices that can have a negative impact on their children, according to the research presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association.

“These findings reveal some previously undocumented ways that women, in particular, suffer as a result of workplace aggression,” said researcher Angela Dionisi, PhD, of Carleton University. This research also speaks to a previously unacknowledged group of indirect incivility victims, namely children.

Workplace incivility is any behavior that is disrespectful, impolite or otherwise goes against workplace standards of respect, according to coauthor Kathryne Dupre, PhD, of Carleton University. “We now know that the outcomes of workplace incivility are vast and negative,” said Dupre. Survey results showed that incivility in the workplace was associated with mothers feeling less effective as parents, which could help explain the increased need to engage in strict, controlling parenting behavior, said Dupre.

Authoritarian parents have high expectations from their children, with rules that they expect their children to follow unconditionally. At the same time, though, they provide very little in the way of feedback and severely punish any mistake, said Dupre. They tend to have lots of regulations and micromanage almost every aspect of their children’s lives, valuing discipline over fun.

“Research suggests that authoritarian parenting is more of a negative style of parenting as compared to other parenting styles. This style of parenting has been associated with a variety of negative child outcomes, including exhibiting aggressive behavior outside the home, being fearful or overly shy around others, having difficulty in social situations due to a lack of social competence,” she said.

【1】Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “incivility” in Paragraph 1?

A.Rudeness.B.Panic.

C.Violence.D.Argument.

【2】Which of the following is NOT a feature of authoritarian parents?

A.They tend to be too strict with their children.

B.They set high standards for their children to reach.

C.They want to keep their children’s life under control.

D.They attach equal importance to discipline and fun.

【3】What is the main idea of the passage?

A.The cause of more authoritarian parents.

B.The harm of workplace incivility to children.

C.The different styles of parenting practices.

D.The effects of high expectations from children.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】D

【3】B

【解析】

这是一篇议论文。这篇文章论述的是工作场所不文明对儿童的危害。

【1】词义猜测题。根据第一段中When people are rude to their co-workers or treat them badly, they probably don’t realize the unintended victims in the encounter could be the co-workers, children.(当人们对他的同事无礼或对他们不好的时候，他们可能没有意识到在这次偶遇中意外的受害者可能是同事、孩子。)可知，职场中不文明的女性更有可能采取更严格、更专制的育儿方式，这可能会对她们的孩子产生负面影响。由此推知，划线词incivility的意思是“粗鲁”。故选A。

【2】推理判断题。根据第三段中Authoritarian parents have high expectations from their children, with rules that they expect their children to follow unconditionally.(专制的父母对孩子有很高的期望，他们希望孩子无条件地遵守规则。)和They tend to have lots of regulations and micromanage almost every aspect of their children’s lives, valuing discipline over fun.(他们往往有很多规章制度，几乎事无巨细地管理孩子生活的方方面面，重视纪律甚于乐趣。)可知，D项“他们同样重视纪律和乐趣。”不是专制父母的特征。故选D。

【3】主旨大意题。第一段是文章的主题段，根据第一段中When people are rude to their co-workers or treat them badly, they probably don’t realize the unintended victims in the encounter could be the co-workers, children. Women who experience incivility in the workplace are more likely to engage in stricter, more authoritarian parenting practices that can have a negative impact on their children(当人们对他们的同事无礼或对他们不好的时候，他们可能没有意识到在这次偶遇中意外的受害者可能是同事、孩子。职场中不文明行为的女性更有可能采取更严格、更专制的育儿方式，这会对她们的孩子产生负面影响)可知，这篇文章讲述的是工作场所不文明对儿童的危害。故选B项。

任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，最常见的就是利用上下文语境、常识和语法关系推断词义。尤其要抓住所需推断词汇前后的含义。本题第1小题，根据第一段中When people are rude to their co-workers or treat them badly, they probably don’t realize the unintended victims in the encounter could be the co-workers, children.“当人们对他的同事无礼或对他们不好的时候，他们可能没有意识到在这次偶遇中意外的受害者可能是同事、孩子。”可知，职场中不文明的女性更有可能采取更严格、更专制的育儿方式，这可能会对她们的孩子产生负面影响。由此推知，划线词“incivility”的意思是“粗鲁”。故选A项。