B
A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin cancer, actually increases the risk.
Research from the University of Iowa based their findings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the association between sunscreen use and melanoma (黑素瘤). They said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma.
Most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence (发生率) faster than any other cancer in the United States.
But questions have been raised about sunscreen and whether it may have the opposite effect by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.
The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin cancer---are more likely to use sunscreen. As a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.
The studies, which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use, were also unable to prove how well the products had been applied, said the new study.
60．The underlined word “flaws” in the 2nd paragraph most probably means _________.
A．evidences B．facts C．faults D．failures
61．People with fair skin and freckles ________.
A．seldom use sunscreen B．are more in danger of skin cancer
C．can be free from the harm of the sun D．often expose themselves to the sun
62．We can learn from the passage that _________.
A．sunscreen users get skin cancer more often
B．the volunteers have proved the effect of the sunscreen
C．the new study has based on the experiences of volunteers
D．the number of skin cancer patients is increasing in America
63．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．Sunscreen to Prevent Skin Cancer B．Sunscreen to Increase Skin Cancer
C．Skin Cancer Caused by Sunscreen D．Skin Cancer Caused by Freckles
科目：高中英语 来源：英语教研室 题型：050
Millions of years ago dinosaurs (恐龙)lived on the earth. In the days of dinosaurs the whole earth was warm and wet. There were green forests and they could find enough to eat. Later, parts of the earth became cold and dry, and the forests there died. Then dinosaurs could not find enough to eat. This must be one reason why dinosaurs died out.
We can guess another reason. New kinds of animals came on the earth. Some had big brains and were fast and strong. They could kill dinosaurs.
There may be other reasons that we don’t know about yet. Scientists are trying to make more discoveries about dinosaurs.
Dinosaurs were of many sizes and shapes(形状)。Some were as small as chickens, while some were about 90 feet long.
There were also terrible fights between dinosaurs. They might have happened more than 100 million years ago. Though there was no man to see any of the fights, we can be told by the animal’s footprints(足迹)that fight did take place.
1．According to the passage, dinosaurs did exist (存在) only on the earth.
A. for millions of years
B. millions of years ago
C. more than 100 million years ago
D. when it was warm and wet somewhere
2．One reason why dinosaurs died out is that .
A. there were too many dinosaurs
B. parts of the earth became cold and dry
C. the dead forests there could not supply them with enough food
D. they couldn’t find enough to eat
3．One more reason may be that .
A. new kinds of animals came on the earth
B. some fast and strong animals with big brains could kill them
C. some dinosaurs were as small as chickens
D. some big dinosaurs died in the fights
4．We can see from this passage .
A. scientists are trying to make some dinosaurs
B. dinosaurs are dangerous enough
C. dinosaurs are worth studying
D. scientists know nothing about dinosaurs
5．That terrible fights can be explained by .
A. footprints of the animals
B. imagination (想象)
C. rocks and forests
D. dinosaur’s eggs
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科目：高中英语 来源：四川省南充高中2009-2010学年度高二下学期4月月考 题型：阅读理解
B
A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin cancer, actually increases the risk.
Research from the University of Iowa based their findings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the association between sunscreen use and melanoma (黑素瘤). They said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma.
Most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence (发生率) faster than any other cancer in the United States.
But questions have been raised about sunscreen and whether it may have the opposite effect by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.
The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin cancer---are more likely to use sunscreen. As a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.
The studies, which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use, were also unable to prove how well the products had been applied, said the new study.
60．The underlined word “flaws” in the 2nd paragraph most probably means _________.
A．evidences B．facts C．faults D．failures
61．People with fair skin and freckles ________.
A．seldom use sunscreen B．are more in danger of skin cancer
C．can be free from the harm of the sun D．often expose themselves to the sun
62．We can learn from the passage that _________.
A．sunscreen users get skin cancer more often
B．the volunteers have proved the effect of the sunscreen
C．the new study has based on the experiences of volunteers
D．the number of skin cancer patients is increasing in America
63．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．Sunscreen to Prevent Skin Cancer B．Sunscreen to Increase Skin Cancer
C．Skin Cancer Caused by Sunscreen D．Skin Cancer Caused by Freckles
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科目：高中英语 来源：2012-2013学年福建省漳州市高三七校第一次联考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Decision-making under Stress
A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.
The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.
“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”
For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.
This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.
The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.
Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.
This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
1.We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.
A．keep rewards better in their memory
B．recall consequences more effortlessly
C．make risky decisions more frequently
D．learn a subject more effectively
2.According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.
A．ways of making choices B．preference for pleasure
C．tolerance of punishments D．responses to suggestions
3.The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.
A．women find it easier to fall into certain habits
B．men have a greater tendency to slow down
C．women focus more on outcomes
D．men are more likely to take risks
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科目：高中英语 来源：安徽省2009-2010学年度高一下学期第二次月考试卷（英语） 题型：完型填空
.
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I stopped to let the car cool 36 and to study the map. I had expected to be near my destination（目的地） by now, but everything still seemed 37 to me. I was only five when my father had 38 me abroad, and that was eighteen years 39 . When my mother had 40 after a car accident, he didn’t quickly 41 from the shock and loneliness. Everything around him was full of her 42 , continually reopening the wound. 43 he decided to go abroad. In the new country he paid much attention to 44 a new life for the two of us, 45 he gradually forgot the past. He did not marry again, and I was 46 without a woman’s care, but I lacked 47 , for he was both father and mother to me. He always 48 to go back one day and see old friends again and to visit my mother’s 49 . He became ill for a few months 50 we planned to go and, when he knew he was 51 , he made me promise to go on my own.
I 52 a car the day before landing and bought a map, 53 I found most helpful on the last stage. My father had described over and over again what we could see on the way there, so I was pretty 54 that I could find it. Well, I had been wrong, for I was now 55 .
36. A. up B. off C. of D. to
37. A. unfamiliar B. similar C. unusual D. familiar
38. A. brought B. carried C. taken D. fetched
39. A. later B. since C. then D. ago
40. A. been disabled B. died C. gone up D. passed by
41. A. return B. make C. go back D. recover
42. A. presence B. absence C. arrival D. show
43. A. Since B. For C. So D. Before
44. A. earning B. starting C having D. opening
45. A. in case B. so that C. so long D. so much
46. A. brought up B. taken up C. brought out D. taken off
47. A. anything B. nothing C. everything D. something
48. A. imagined B. supposed C. meant D. asked
49. A. house B. room C. church D. grave
50. A. before B. after C. until D. as
51. A. lying B. dying C. helping D. living
52. A. bought B. lent C. borrowed D. hired
53. A. what B. that C. how D. which
54. A. sad B. happy C. sure D. interested
55. A. away B. out C. gone D. lost
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