Question

    You hear this，“No wonder you are fat．All you ever d0 is eat．”You feel sad．“I skip my breakfast and supper．I run every morning and evening．What else can I do?”

    Basically you can do nothing．Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it．

    Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that“80 percent of the children of two fat parents become fat，as compared with no more than 14．percent of the children of two parents of normal weight．”   

    How can obese people become thinner through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective．but the health costs are great．

    Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University，did a study of eight fat people．They were．given a liquid formula（配方）providing 600 calories a day．After more than 10 weeks，the subjects lost on average 45 kg．But after leaving the hospital，they all regained the weight．

    The results were surprising：by metabolic（新陈代谢的）measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems．They dreamed of food or of breaking their diet They were anxious and depressed．Some wanted to kill themselves．They hid food in their rooms．

    Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn’t result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state lust like that of starved non．obese people．   

    Thin people, however，suffer from the opposite．They have to make a great effort to gain weight  Ethan Sims of the University of Vermont got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight．In four to six months—they ate as much as they could．They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there．

    This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight．It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance（遗传）if they want to significantly 1ower their weight．

    The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true—each person has a comfortable weight range．The range might be as much as 9kg．Someone might weigh 60--69kg without too much effort．But，going above or below the natural weight range is difficult.The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing．the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks．

The story is mainly written to       。

    A．point out the relations between our body and mind

    B．warn us it’s extremely harmful to reduce or gain our weight

    C．tell us that it’s difficult to make a significant change in our weight

D．stress that dieting 1s a recommended way to help you reach your desired weight   

Jules Hirsch’s study’found that         ．

     A．big weight loss could lead to mental problems

     B．a person’s weight can be decided by their parents’ weight

     C．only dieting cannot produce a desired result in weight reduction

     D．big efforts to lose weight may result in a weight much heavier than one’s normal weight

From the text，we know that the body can still feel comfortable

     A．when the weight goes up or down by 6 kg

     B．when the weight goes up or down by l0 kg

     C．when the weight is increased by 20 to 25 percent

     D．when the weight is decreased by 20 to 25 percent

What can be inferred from the passage?

     A．When it comes to weight，naturalness is the healthiest

     B．Weight reduction could be both risky and painful．

     C．Seek professional advice when reducing your weight．

     D．There’s no hope and no point in controlling your weight．

Answer 1

【小题1】C

【小题2】A

【小题3】A

【小题4】B

解析:

【小题1】主旨题，本文第二段就指出基因基本上决定了我们的体重，身体会自动维持这个体重。通过调节饮食可以有效减轻或增加体重，但是有可能导致心理问题。只要想大幅度调整体重就要和基因反复作斗争。实验还证明身体有自身认为合适的体重范围（9公斤）。所以C选项最符合文章内容。A选项离文章内容太远；B选项把可能的有害影响夸大了；D选项只强调了文章的一部分。

【小题2】细节理解题，从第五六段可知A正确。B选项是第三段A1bert的研究发现，所以错误；C选项不符合文章第四段dieting can be effective，而且文章没提到其他减肥手段，所以错误；D选项在文章中没有体现，排除掉。

【小题3】主要考查最后两段文中提到的身体自身认为合适的体重范围（最大9公斤）。体重在这个范围内改变，身体都没有不适的反应。所以A正确。

【小题4】本题考查归纳总结和推理判断能力，本文并没有说天生的体重就是最健康的，没有提体重和健康的关系，只是说大幅度改变体重会影响健康，所以排除A选项；B选项正确，因为文中提到的心理问题会带来危险，也显然是痛苦的；C选项文中没涉及；D选项不符合倒数第二段的This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight所以错误。