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    　　What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?

    　　We all know that science plays an important role in our societies．However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science．The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop．The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action　that scientists use in their work．

    　　What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious-he wants to find out how and why the universe works．He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and　looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected．Moreover,　he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves．

    　　He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and uses the facts he observes to the fullest．For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum(光谱)．

    　　He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available．He rejects authority as the only basis for truth．Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively．

    　　Furthermore,　he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation．

    　　Lastly,　he is full of imagination　since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete．Furthermore,　he needs imagination　if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place．

    　　These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts．

    (1)

    Many people believe that science helps society to progress through ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    knowledge only

    B．

    more than one aspect

    C．

    technology only

    D．

    the use of machines

    (2)

    Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE?

    [　　]

    A．

    He doesn't find confidence and pleasure in work．

    B．

    He is interested in problems that are explained．

    C．

    He makes efforts to investigate potential connections．

    D．

    He looks for new ways of acting．

    (3)

    According to the passage, a successful scientist would NOT ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    easily believe in unchecked statements

    B．

    easily criticize others' research work

    C．

    always use his imagination in work

    D．

    always use evidence from observation

    (4)

    What is the author's attitude towards the topic?

    [　　]

    A．

    Critical．

    B．

    Objective．

    C．

    Unclear．

    D．

    Prejudiced．

    (5)

    What does the passage mainly discuss?

    [　　]

    A．

    Application of technology．

    B．

    Progress in modem society．

    C．

    Scientists' ways of thinking and acting．

    D．

    How to become a successful scientist．

    答案：1．B;2．C;3．A;4．B;5．C;
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    科目：高中英语 来源：2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试重庆卷英语 题型：050

    阅读理解

    　　To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely strory the Christians(基督教徒)ever cooked up．For them, the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil(邪恶的)．So when Colu brought the tomato back from South America, a land mistakenly considered to be eden, ever jumped to be the obvious conclusion．Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut o the door of Europeans．

    　　What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake, a plant that was the to have come from Hell(地狱)．What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots w looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits．Tough the tomato and the man were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit, the general population consio them one and the same, to terrible to touch．

    　　Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato, and until the early 1700s most of the We people continued to drag their feet．In the 1880s, the daughter of a well-known plant expert that the most interestinig part of an afternoon tea at her father's house had been the “introduction this wonderful new fruit-or is it a vegetable?”As late as the twentieth century some writers classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an”evil fruit”．

    　　But in the end tomatoes carried the day．The hero of the tomato was an American named R Johnson, and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820, people journeyed for hun of miles to watch him drop dead．”Wha are you afraid of?”he shouted．”I'll show you fools these things are good to eat!” Then he bit into the tomato．Some people fainted．But he sur and, according to a local story, set up a tomato-canning factory．

    (1)

    The tomato was shut out of the door of early Europeans mainly because ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    it made Christive evil

    B．

    it was the apple of Eden

    C．

    it came from a forbidden land

    D．

    it was religiously unacceptable

    (2)

    What can we infer the underlined part in Paragraph 3?

    [　　]

    A．

    The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down

    B．

    There was little pregress in the study of the tomato

    C．

    The tomato was still refused in most western countries

    D．

    Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato

    (3)

    What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato Publicly?

    [　　]

    A．

    To manke imself a hero

    B．

    To remove people's fear of the tomaoto

    C．

    To speed up the popularityt of the tomato

    D．

    To persuade people to buy products fo\rom his factory

    (4)

    What is the main purpose of the passage?

    [　　]

    A．

    To challenge people's fixed concept of the tomato

    B．

    To give an explanation to people's dislike of the tomato

    C．

    To present the change of people's attitudes to the tomato

    D．

    To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence

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