Question

【题目】Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.

In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.

【1】What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1?

A. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.

B. People remember well what they learned in childhood.

C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.

D. Stories for children are easy to remember.

【2】The author explains the law of overlearning by ________.

A. presenting research findings

B. setting down general rules

C. using examples

D. making a comparison

【3】According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is ________.

A. a result of overlearning

B. a special case of cramming

C. a skill to deal with math problems

D. a basic step towards advanced studies

【4】What is the author's opinion on cramming?

A. It leads to failure in college exams.

B. It increases students' learning interest.

C. It's possible to result in poor memory.

D. It's helpful only in a limited way.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】C

【3】A

【4】D

【解析】

试题分析：本文讲述的是小时候学的东西印象深刻，长大后依然能回忆起来学的东西，一种解释是这是过度学习造成的结果。

【1】B 段落大意题。根据第一段的Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.可知，第一段主要讲述的是小时候学的东西印象深刻。故选B。

【2】C 细节理解题。根据第二、三介绍过度学习可知是用了举例的方法。故选C。

【3】A 细节理解题。根据文章的The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.可知，学会乘法规则是过度学习的结果。故选A。

【4】D 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.可知，这种学习效果有限，故选D。