Question

People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊脚） and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In these and other research findings, two themes are : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think assistance.

In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be , but had apparently been "lost". The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.

The degree of between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.

Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone. to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be rather than drunk.

1.A. study B. way C. word D. college

2.A. hand B. arm C. face D. back

3.A. refuse B. beg C. lose D. receive

4.A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing

5.A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing

6.A. seek B. deserve C. obtain D. accept

7.A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example

8.A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed

9.A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working

10.A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down

11.A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact

12.A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange

13.A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances

14.A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health

15.A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sick

 

Answer 1

1.A

2.C

3.D

4.C

5.A

6.B

7.D

8.B

9.B

10.A

11.A

12.B

13.C

14.D

15.D

【解析】

【文章大意】研究表明，出于某种原因，我们更愿意帮助我们喜欢的人和我们认为值得帮助的人。

1.根据下文these and other research findings和in a field study提示，在另一份研究中，所以选A。

【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。

2.根据下文if his face was spotless提示。受害者脸上有一个巨大的红色胎记。

【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。

3.根据下文are more likely to receive aid提示选receive。如果受害者的脸无污点的比有不引人注意的胎记更有可能获得援助。

【考点定位】考查动词词义及语境理解。

4.此处challenge挑战； record记录；understand理解，了解；publish出版。在了解这些和其他研究结果过程中， 发现两个重要的主题。

【考点定位】考查动词词义及语境理解。

5.此处important重要的； possible可能的； amusing 娱乐的； missing失去的。在了解这些和其他研究结果过程中， 发现两个重要的主题。

【考点定位】考查形容词词义及语境理解。

6.deserve意为“值得”。因为某种原因我们更愿意帮助我们喜欢的人和我们认为值得帮助的人。

【考点定位】考查动词词义及语境理解。

7.下文举列说明观点：In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid，所以选D。

【考点定位】考查介词短语词义及语境理解。

8.根据下文actually mailed it or not提示选mailed。意思是申请被邮寄。

【考点定位】考查动词词义及语境理解。

9.此处talented有才能的； good-looking好看的；helpful 有帮助的；hard-working勤奋的。附在申请上的照片一张是相貌好看的、一张不太有吸引力的人。

【考点定位】考查形容词词义及语境理解。

10.结果表明，如果照片上人外表上有吸引力，人们更可能递送这个申请。send in意为“递送”。

【考点定位】考查动词短语含义及语境理解。

11.在潜在的助手和有需要的人之间的相似程度也很重要。

【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。

12.此处expensive昂贵的； plain 普通的； cheap便宜的； strange奇怪的。穿着T恤上印上挑衅的话和穿着朴素的T恤的人相对比，人们更愿意帮助穿着朴素T恤的人。plain意为“简朴的;朴素的”。

【考点定位】考查形容词词义及语境理解。

13.此处time 时间； instructions 说明；money 钱； chances机会。根据常识应该给钱买牛奶。

【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。

14.对健康来说，牛奶被认为比饼干更不可缺少。

【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。

15.此处talkative 健谈的；handsome英俊的； calm平静的； sick有病的。生病的似乎比喝醉的更容易得到到帮助。

【考点定位】考查形容词词义及语境理解。