Question

Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden change in pronunciation started, with vowels being pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16^th century the British had contact(联系) with people from around the world. This means that many new words and phrases entered the language. The invention of printing also meant that there was a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Spelling and grammar became fixed and the dialect （方言）of London became the standard. In 1604, the first English dictionary was published.
The numbers of words in Early Modern English and Late Modern English differ. Late Modern English has a lot more words because of two main factors(因素): firstly, the Industrial Revolution created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire covered one quarter of the earth’s surface, and the English language took in foreign words from many countries.
From around 1600, the English colonization(殖民地化)of North America resulted in the creation of American English. Some English pronunciation and words froze when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English. Some expressions that the British call “ Americanisms” are in fact original （原先的）British expressions that were preserved (保存) in the colonies but were lost in Britain. Spanish also had an influence on American English, with words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English. French words and West African words also influenced American English.
Today, American English is the most influential(有影响力的). But there are many other kinds of English around the world, including Australian English, New Zealand English, Canadian English, South African English , Indian English and Caribbean English. They have differences.
小题1:What can we know from Paragraph 1?

A．The dialect of London became the standard in the year 1604.

B．Vowels were pronounced longer towards the end of Middle English

C．The first English dictionary was published in the early 17th century.

D．Many new words entered English because many people moved to Britain.

小题2:From Paragraph 2, we know that the Industrial Revolution __________.

A．required spelling and grammar to be fixed

B．required a greater number of English words

C．caused many old English words to be useless

D．led to the English colonization of North America.

小题3:The underlined word “froze” in Paragraph 3 shows that some English words in America___________.

A．became longer

B．greatly changed

C．a little changed

D．stayed as they were

小题4:What will the paragraph following this passage most probably discuss?

A．The development of Modern English

B．How the English vocabulary became larger

C．Differences among the different kinds of English

D．Differences between Middle English and Modern English

Answer 1

小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:C

试题分析：本文着重讲述了在几个不同的国家的英语上存在着很大的差异，并分析了具体的原因。
小题1:细节题。根据第一段最后一句In 1604, the first English dictionary was published.说明是在17世纪的时候才又了第一部字典。故C正确。
小题2:细节题。根据第二段, the Industrial Revolution created a need for new words说明工业革命需要很多的新单词，所以才会导致了如此多的新的单词的出现。故B正确。
小题3:推理题。根据第三段2，3,4行Some English pronunciation and words  froze when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English. Some expressions that the British call “ Americanisms” are in fact original （原先的）British expressions that were preserved (保存) in the colonies but were lost in Britain.说明当英语来到这些殖民地的时候就不再变化了，反而是在英国本土的英语发生了变化，故该词指的是保持原样。故D说法正确。
小题4:推理题。文章这几段都是在解释几种不同的英语之间差异的原因，那么最有可能接下来讲述的是一些具体的不同之处。故C正确。
点评：本文着重讲述了在几个不同的国家的英语上存在着很大的差异，并分析了具体的原因。以推理题的考查为主，做题关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查题支和原文的异同，常犯错误有：绝对化语言，范围扩大或缩小，以偏概全，张冠李戴等。