9．The﹩11billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like"I never do anything right"into positive ones like"I can succeed．"But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right？Is there power in positive thinking？
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect：it can simply stress how unhappy they are．
The study's authors，Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick，begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is too positive，they actually feel worse，not better．If you tell your stupid friend that he has the potential of an Einstein，you're just underlining his faults．In one 1990s experiment，a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled．When the authors were later praised for their sympathy，they felt even worse about what they had written．
In this experiment，Wood，Lee and Perunovic measured 68students'self-respect．The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes．Every 15seconds，one group of students heard a bell．When it rang，they were supposed to tell themselves，"I am lovable．"
Those with low self-respect didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation（自我肯定）．In fact，their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group，who weren't urged to think positive thoughts．
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy （心理治疗） that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them．In the fighting，we not only often fail but can make things worse．Instead，meditation （静思） techniques can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger，more realistic way．Call it the power of negative thinking．
41．What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry？C
A．It was established by Norman Vincent Peale．
B．It is a highly profitable industry．
C．It is based on the concept of positive thinking．
D．It has provided positive results．
42．What is the finding of the Canadian researchers？D
A．There can be no simple treatment for psychological problems．
B．The power of positive thinking is limited．
C．Unhappy people cannot think positively．
D．Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good．
43．What does the author mean by"…you're just underlining his faults"（Para.3）？A
A．You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent．
B．You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough．
C．You are trying to make him feel better about his faults．
D．You are pointing out the errors he has committed．
44．It can be inferred from the experiment of Wood，Lee and Perunovic thatC．
A．It is important for people to continually boost their self-respect．
B．Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one's mood．
C．Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-respect．
D．People with low self-respect seldom write down their true feelings．
45．What do we learn from the last paragraph？B
A．People can avoid making mistakes through meditation．
B．Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy．
C．The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person．
D．Different people tend to have different ways of thinking．
分析 这是一篇说明文．这篇文章通过不同的试验和研究得出尽量使人们积极思考事实上会对人们产生相反的影响这一发现．
解答 41-45 CDACB
41．答案：C 考查事实细节．根据第一段"The $ 11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like"I never do anything right"into positive ones like"I can succeed．"110亿美元的自助消费产业是建立在变消极思维为积极思维的理论的基础上．知，C为正确答案．
42．答案：D 考查事实细节．根据第二段"trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect：it can simply stress how unhappy they are．"可知，D为正确答案．
43．答案：A 考查事实细节．根据第三段"when people get feedback which they believe is too positive，they actually feel worse，not better．"可知，A为正确答案．
44．答案：C 考查事实细节．根据倒数第二段"Those with low self-respect didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation（自我肯定）．In fact，their moods turned significantly darker"可知，C为正确答案．
45．答案：B 考查事实细节．根据最后一段段"The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy （心理治疗） that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them．"和"Instead，meditation （静思） techniques can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger，more realistic way．"可知，B为正确答案．
点评 做阅读时经常犯错的主要原因是，仅凭读过文章后残留在脑海中的一丝印象来勾选答案，这样便很容易掉入出题人故意设布下的题目陷阱．所谓阅读理解，对于题目的理解一定要忠实于原文，因此，每一道题都应该与原文作全面的对比与核查，再得出答案．也就是说，阅读理解的每一道题目，在原文都应该有明确的出处，我们把这一出处叫做原文相关句，（1）排除与原文相关句主题不一致的选项（2）排除与原文相关句态度相反的选项 （3）排除用于过于极端或负面的选项（4）注意结合文章主旨和主题去排除．
