Question

【题目】 The Swedish Academy has named Polish writer Olga Tokarczuk winner of the 2019 Nobel Prize for Literature. It also announced that it was honoring Austrian Peter Handke with the 2018 Nobel Prize for Literature. The Academy cancelled the prize last year after many members fled the organization following sexual abuse accusations linked to it.

The Academy said it awarded Tokarczuk for imaginative writing that “represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life.”

The Polish writer’s first published work came in 1989, a book of poetry called Cities in Mirrors. Her first novel, The Journey of the Book-People, was published in 1993. Last year, Tokarczuk became the first Polish writer to win Britain’s Man Booker Prize for International Literature for her novel Flights. Her novel Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead, was on the short list of nominees for the 2019 prize as well. That prize went to another writer. Tokarczuk spoke Thursday with readers hours after she won the Nobel. “I can only write.” She said.

The Swedish Academy said it named Peter Handke winner of the 2018 prize for “influential work that with linguistic gift has explored the boundary and the specificity of human experience.” Handke’s first novel was published in 1966. He also writes plays and is a political organizer. The Austrian writer was an opponent(反对者) of NATO’s air attacks against Serbia in the Kosovo war of thelate1990s.He was a supporter of the Serbian government under the leadership of Slobodan Milosevic. He has denied that Bosnian Serb troops carried out a campaign killing of 8, 000 locals in Srebrenica during the Bosnian war in the 1990s. As a result, some critics are angry that he was given the Nobel Prize.

At home in Paris Thursday, Handke called the decision to give him the literature award “courageous.” He said the recognition gave him “a strange kind of freedom.”

【1】Which of Tokarczuk’s works won Britain’s Man Booker Prize?

A.Cities in Mirrors.B.Flights.

C.The Journey of the Book-PeopleD.Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead.

【2】What does the underlined word “nominees” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A.A candidate to be selected to an office.B.A candidate seeking a kind of position.

C.A candidate chosen by a political party.D.A candidate being considered for an honor.

【3】How does Peter Handke find the Nobel committee?

A.Fearless.B.Awesome.C.Strange.D.Embarrassed.

【4】What’s the best title of the text?

A.Peter Handke from Austria Win 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature.

B.Olga Tokarczuk from Poland Win 2019 Nobel Prize in Literature.

C.Writers from Austria and Poland Win 2018, 2019 Nobel Prize in Literature.

D.Writers from Poland and Austria Win 2018, 2019 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】D

【3】A

【4】C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。瑞典学院宣布波兰作家Olga Tokarczuk为2019年诺贝尔文学奖得主。它还宣布授予奥地利人Peter Handke 2018年诺贝尔文学奖。去年，瑞典文学院取消了该奖项的颁奖，起因是许多成员卷入该院的性虐待指控后退出了该组织。短文介绍了这两位诺贝尔文学奖获得者。

【1】细节理解题。根据第三段中Last year, Tokarczuk became the first Polish writer to win Britain’s Man Booker Prize for International Literature for her novel Flights.可知去年，Tokarczuk凭借小说《航班》(Flights)成为首位获得英国布克国际文学奖的波兰作家。由此可知，Tokarczuk凭借《航班》(Flights)获得了英国的布克奖。故选B。

【2】词义猜测题。根据后文That prize went to another writer.可知最终获奖者另有其人。那么她的小说Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead只是人围了该奖项2019 年度的人围名单。故可知划线单词意思为“被考虑授予荣誉的候选人”。故选D。

【3】细节理解题。根据最后一段中At home in Paris Thursday, Handke called the decision to give him the literature award “courageous.”可知周四，Handke在巴黎的家中表示将诺贝尔文学奖授予他行为是“勇敢的”。由此可知，Peter Handke认为诺贝尔委员会是无畏的。故选A。

【4】主旨大意题。根据第一段中The Swedish Academy has named Polish writer Olga Tokarczuk winner of the 2019 Nobel Prize for Literature. It also announced that it was honoring Austrian Peter Handke with the 2018 Nobel Prize for Literature.可知瑞典学院宣布波兰作家Olga Tokarczuk为2019年诺贝尔文学奖得主。它还宣布授予奥地利人Peter Handke 2018年诺贝尔文学奖。结合本文主要介绍了获得2018年、2019年诺贝尔文学奖的两位文学家。故C选项“来自奥地利和波兰的作家赢得了2018年和2019年的诺贝尔文学奖”符合文章标题。故选C。

词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为

① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to, be called或that's to say, such as等。

② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however, while, on the other hand, since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。

③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。

④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。

⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。

如第二小题，根据后文That prize went to another writer.可知最终获奖者另有其人。那么她的小说Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead只是人围了该奖项2019 年度的人围名单。故可知划线单词意思为“被考虑授予荣誉的候选人”。故选D。