"Most episodes (经历) of absent-mindedness -- forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room -- are caused by a simple lack of attention," says Schacter. "You are supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded (编号) it deeply."
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don't pay attention to what you did because you are involved in a conversation, you'll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe (衣柜). "Your memory itself isn't failing you," says Schacter. "Rather, you didn't give your memory system the information it needed."
Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski , "may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox." Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.
Visual clues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. "But be sure the cue (暗示) is clear and available," he warns. If you want to remember to take medicine with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table -- don't leave it in the medicine box and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you are there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you'll likely remember.
57. What is absent-mindedness mainly caused by?
A. Lack of interest. B. Lack of attention C. Walking into a room. D. Visual clues.
58. Which of the following is an absent-minded symptom?
A. Walking into a room to find where you are.
B. Leaving the clue in the medicine bottle.
C. Forgetting to drop a letter into the mailbox.
D. Reciting sports statistics 30 years ago.
59. What can help prevent absent-mindedness?
A. Trying to remember something as much as possible.
B. Returning to where you were.
C. Encoding something deeply in your mind.
D. Showing more interest in something.
60. According to the two experts, what can help people to remember
something?
A. Cues. B. Bottles. C. Environment. D. Statistics.
全文介绍心不在焉产生的原因，以及如何能够尽可能避免或解决这个问题。
57．B．细节理解题。文中第一段首句就开门见山讲述：心不在焉是由注意力不集中导致。虽然后面也有提到缺乏兴趣，但两位专家多次强调这个原因，如第二段、第三段最后一句等。
58．C．细节理解题。A是说明如何解决心不在焉来加强记忆的方法，不是症状；B中描述与文中信息相反；D是讲述记忆力好的例证；C才是本文提到的关于健忘的一种症状。
59．C．推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句可知最大的原因是“没能够将要记住的内容深深地编码于大脑中”。因此可以推出：通过把要记住的东西深深编码于头脑中，才能有助于减少遗忘。
60．C．细节理解题。根据第三段尾句可知，记忆依赖于环境。而且第四
段“贴标签”这个例子，也说明环境有助于记忆。
各地期末复习特训卷系列答案
小博士期末闯关100分系列答案科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
What can you do if you "lose" the data(数据)from your disks(硬盘)? To find an expert, who can recover the lost information for you, is probably the easiest solution. Jack Olson is one of these experts. Jack and a few of his friends set up a company called "Jack's Disk Doctor Service". They work from home and give all the money they earn to charity(慈善团体). The fees are always the same, no matter how precious the data on the disk is. Some people, however, are so grateful that they send extra money to Jack or to the charities his company supports. One oil company offered him $2,000 for his help and an architect even sent him a blank check.
It would be difficult to put a value on the things rescued by the Disk Doctor. There have been disks which contain medical research, television scripts, manuscripts of whole books, a lawyer's papers for a court case, and even Margaret Thatcher's travel plan for a visit to eastern Europe. For this last case, Jack had to go in person to Thatcher's office "for security reasons"!
Disks are usually sent to the Disk Doctor by post, but sometimes people are in such a hurry that they cannot wait for the mail to come. For example, some radio scripts had to be rushed by taxi to Jack's house because they were needed for broadcasting the next day. When the material has been recovered, the disk is returned to the sender with a diagnosis(诊断)and a prescription for avoiding the problem in the future. One grateful client(顾客), and author, put a "thank you" to Jack in the front of his book, "Jack saved me from a heart attack," he wrote. "But," says Jack, "most people don't take any notice of the doctor's advice!"
Why did the architect send Jack a blank check?
A. The architect did not have any money.
B. The architect did it for security reasons.
C. The architect always followed the doctor's advice.
D. The architect thought Jack's service was priceless.
What does the underlined word "rescued" mean?
A. Recovered. B. Prescribed. C. Examined. D. Lost.
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Jack's Disk Doctor Service has only one standard fee.
B. Jack and his company have made a fortune from their service.
C. Margaret Thatcher is a very important person.
D. Jack's clients are from all walks of life.
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
CANBERRA (Reuters Life!) - Think twice before eating those dropped crumbs off your computer keyboard -- you might as well be eating off a toilet seat, according to a new study on the amount of germs on keyboards.
A study by British "Which? Computing" asked a microbiologist to examine for bugs on 33 keyboards in a typical London office, a toilet seat and a toilet door handle.
Four keyboards were judged potential health hazards and the microbiologist recommended the removal of one keyboard as it had 150 times the pass limit of bacteria -- five times filthier than the swabbed toilet seat.
"Most people don't give much thought to the grime that builds up on their PC, but if you don't clean your computer, you might as well eat your lunch off the toilet," said Sarah Kidner, the consumer magazine editor of "Which? Computing" in a statement.
The study found that eating lunch at desks is the main cause of a bug-infested keyboard. Dropped crumbs and food encourages the growth of millions of bacteria.
Poor personal hygiene, such as not washing hands after going to the toilet, may also add to the dirtiness of keyboards.
But despite the health hazard of a dirty keyboard, a survey of 4,000 people by the magazine found one in 10 people ever cleaned their keyboard while another two in 10 never cleaned their mouse.
Almost half -- or 46 per cent -- cleaned their keyboard less than once a month.
To clear out bugs, the magazine recommends users unplug keyboards, turn them upside down and shake them.
The purpose of the passage is .
A. tell us something about the keyboards.
B. warn people to clean the keyboards often.
C. tell us how to clean the keyboard
D. tell us the germs on keyboards
What do you think the expression “Think twice before eating those dropped crumbs off your computer keyboard” stands for?
A. Think several times before eating beside your computer
B. Don’t drop foods onto the computer keyboard.
C. Don’t eat foods dropped onto the computer keyboard.
D. Be careful when you are eating by the computer.
What are the main causes of a bug-infested keyboard?
A. Dropped crumbs and food encourages the growth of millions of bacteria.
B. Poor personal hygiene
C. Much dirt on the computer keyboard.
D. Dropped crumbs and food and Poor personal hygiene
"Which? Computing" is probably a name of .
A. An organization B. a newspaper
C. a report D. a magazine
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科目：高中英语 来源：2011-2012学年四川南充高中高三第十六次月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
URBANA, ILL. (AP)--Mike dropped out of college to support his pregnant(怀孕的) girlfriend and now works as a manager of a trucking company, Lynn graduated with honors from Harvard University and was hired as a lawyer with a top law firm in a major city. What do these two people have in common? Ten years ago they were both high school valedictorians (致告别辞者).
A University of Illinois study follows the lives of 81 valedictorians and salutatorians (致词的学生代表) who graduated a decade ago from public and private high schools in the state.
Tales of Success and Failure
The study found tales of success and failure. The research on 46 women and 35 men found that some were doctors and scientists, one was a drug addict, another was a waitress with emotional problems.
"There is a popular idea about people who do well in school doing well in life," said Terry Denny, professor of education. Denny conducted the study with Karen Arnold, a former graduate student of Denny' s who is now a professor at Boston College. Denny and Arnold contacted the 81 students before graduation, and then followed up with interviews nearly every other year. They also sent them questionnaires in the mail.
Varied Careers
One-third of the students are lawyers, or have a doctorate. Nineteen are in business and 15 are engineers or computer scientists. Others include a farmer, a stock broker, and an aerobics instructor.
Arnold says many of the students have only average positions in the work world and that "most are not headed for greatness in their careers." Denny, however, says that it is too early to make such predictions. "Who expects someone to be on the Supreme Court at the age of 28 or to be the discoverer of an important scientific invention right after college?" he said. "These students are just getting started in life. They are just beginning to find out what life is all about."
1.What can we conclude from Paragraph 1?
|
A．Mike got married before he went to college. |
|
B．Lynn was honored by a law firm in the city. |
|
C．Mike was not so lucky as Lynn after graduating from college. |
|
D．Mike and Lynn both graduated first in their high school class. |
2.According to the article Denny is probably older than Arnold because .
|
A．Denny was her professor |
|
B．Arnold did well at school. |
|
C．Denny interviewed some students |
|
D．Arnold helped Denny in the research |
3.What is probably the best title for the article?
|
A．Successful Careers for College Graduates |
|
B．Success in Education Predicts Success in Later Life |
|
C．High School Honors Not Always Key to Life Success |
|
D．A study on Successful Jobs and College Graduates |
4.Who probably wrote this article?
|
A．College graduates |
B．Reporters |
|
C．Professors and researchers |
D．Teachers |
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科目：高中英语 来源：山东省0910学年高二下学期第四次阶段性测试（英语） 题型：阅读理解
The United States covers a large part of the North American continent. Its neighbors are Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. Although the United States is a big country, it is not the largest in the world. In 1964, its population was over 185,000,000.
When this land first became a nation, after winning its independence (独立) from England, it had thirteen states. Each of the states was represented(代表) on the American flag by a star. All these states were in the eastern part of the continent. As the nation grew toward the west, new states were added and new stars appeared on the flag. For a long time, there were 48 stars. In 1959, however, two more stars were added to the flag, representing the new states of Alaska and Hawaii.
Indians were the first people of the land which is now the United States. There are still
many thousands of Indians now living in all parts of the country. Sometimes it is said that the Indians are "the only real Americans". Most Americans come from all over the world. Those who came first in greatest numbers to make their homes on the eastern coast of North America were mostly from England. It is for that reason that the language of the United States is English and that its culture and customs are more like those of England than those of any other country in the world.
68. The United States didn't have______ states until _____.
A. thirteen; 1959 B. fifty; 1959
C. fifty; this land first became a nation D. fifty;1964
69. Why is English the language of America?
A. English is the Indian's native language.
B. Most Americans come from all over the world.
C. Most of the people who first settled in America were from England
D. Canada is America's nearest neighbor.
70. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. The States of America B. The Language of America
C. The United States of America D. The Culture and Customs of America
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科目：高中英语 来源：2013届北京师大附中高一下学期期中考试英语题 题型：阅读理解
Who's in control of your life? Who's pulling your strings? For the majority of us, it's other people-society, colleagues, friends, family or our religious community. We learned this way of operating when we were very young, of course. We were brainwashed. We discovered that feeling important and feeling accepted was a nice experience and so we learned to do everything we could to make other people like us. As Oscar Wilde puts it, "Most people are other people. Their thoughts are someone else's opinions, their lives a mimicry, their passions a quotation."
So when people tell us how wonderful we are, it makes us feel good. We long for this, good feeling like a drug—we are addicted to it and seek it out wherever we can. Therefore, we are so eager for the approval (赞同) of others that we live unhappy and limited lives, failing to do the things we really want to. Just as drug addicts and alcoholics live worsened lives to keep getting their fix（一剂毒品）, we worsen our own existence to get our own constant fix of approval.
But, just as with any drug, there is a price to pay. The price of the approval drug is freedom—the freedom to be ourselves. The truth is that we cannot control what other people think. People have their own agenda, and they come with their own baggage and, in the end, they're more interested in themselves than in you. Furthermore, if we try to live by the opinions of others, we will build our life on sinking sand. Everyone has a different way of thinking, and people change their opinions all the time. The person who tries to please everyone will only end up getting exhausted (tired) and probably pleasing no one in the process.
So how can we take back control? I think there’s only one way make a conscious decision to stop caring what other people think. We should guide ourselves by means of a set of values—not values imposed from the outside by others, but innate values which come from within. If we are driven by these values and not by the changing opinions and value systems of others; we will live a more authentic, effective, purposeful and happy life.
1.What Oscar Wilde says implies that________.
A. most people have a variety of thoughts
B. we have thoughts similar to those of others
C. other people's thoughts are more important
D. most people's thoughts are controlled by others
2.What does the author try to argue in the third paragraph?
A. Changing opinions may cost us our freedom.
B. We may lose ourselves to please others.
C. We need to pay for what we want to get.
D. The price of taking the drug is freedom.
3. It can be concluded from the passage that_______.
A. it's better to do what we like
B. we shouldn't care what others think
C. we shouldn't change our own opinions
D. it's important to accept others' opinions
4.The author tries to persuade the readers to accept his arguments mainly by________.
A. analyzing causes and effects B. providing examples and facts
C. discussing questions D. making suggestions
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