Kong zi.also called Confucius.and Socrates lived only a hundred years apart.and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece.but it is interesting to look at how the world that 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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8．Kong zi，also called Confucius（551-479B．C），and Socrates （469-399B．C） lived only a hundred years apart，and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece，but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas，and how these ideas in turn，shaped their societies．
Neither philosopher lived in times of peace，though there were more wars in Greece than in China．The Chinese states were very large and feudal，while the Greek city-states were small and urban．The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical（激进的） than Confucius．Unlike Confucius，Socrates was not asked by rules how to govern effectively．Thus，Socrates was able to be more idealistic，focusing on issues like freedom，and knowledge for its own sake．Confucius，on the other hand，advised those in government service，and many of his students went out to government service．
Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life："Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you．"He assumed that all men were equal at birth，though some had more potential than others，and that it was knowledge that set men apart．Socrates focused on the individual，and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom．He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did．Like Confucius，he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior （下层的） classes．
For Socrates，the family was of no importance，and the community of little concern．For Confucius，however，the family was the center of the society，with family relations considered much more important than political relations．
Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes．
29．Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph？C
A．Socrates and Confucius had much in common．
B．Confucius had much influence on Socrates'ideas．
C．The societies were influenced by the philosophers'ideas．
D．There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece．
30．What made some people different from others according to Confucius？C
A．Family
B．Potential
C．Knowledge
D．Community
31．Socrates shared with Confucius the idea thatB．
A．all men were equal when they were born
B．the lower classes should be ruled by the upper class
C．the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom
D．people should not ask others to do what they did not want to
32．This passage is organized in the pattern ofB．
A．time and events
B．comparison and contrast
C．cause and effect
D．definition and classification．

分析本文采用对比的写作手法，介绍了生活在不同时代，不同国家的两位伟大的哲学家孔子和苏格拉底．尽管在生活背景，家庭观念，社会观念以及对待教育的态度等方面他们有着不同的看法，但是他们的思想观念对社会都有着很大影响．

解答 29．C．细节理解题．从文章第一段how these ideas in turn，shaped their societies．判断可知他们的观念无疑对社会有着很大影响，故C选项正确．
30．C．细节理解题．由文章第三段that it was knowledge that set men apart．可知C是知识造成了他们的差别；故选C．
31．B．细节理解题．从文章倒数第二段Confucius assumed…it was knowledge that set men apart．和 Socrates focused…the superior class should rule the inferior classes．可知他们都认为上层阶级应该统治下层阶级．所以B为正确选项．
32．B．推理判断题．纵观全文可见，文章的每一段都是通过比较来说明他们生活背景，思想观念等各个方面的，所以B选项正确．

点评考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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