Question

【题目】 Over a four-year period, Swiss researchers have developed a machine that can keep human livers (肝)alive outside of the body for one week.

Livers are among the most commonly transplanted (移植)human organs. Current technology can only keep human livers alive for up to 24 hours. It is reported that, in 2017, about 8.000 liver transplants were performed in the U.S., of which 360 used livers from living givers In addition, about 11,500 people were registered on a waiting list to receive a liver transplant. Keeping livers alive and functioning for longer periods could greatly improve the chances of survival for patients.

The researchers say the purpose of their “Liver4Life” machine is to perform what they call liver perfusion (灌注)operations outside of the human body. Perfusion is the process by which blood or other liquids are pumped through organs and tissue. The machine keeps the liver at the right temperature and moves it in a way that would be natural in the body. Using a pump to fill the liver with blood acting like a human heart, the machine also provides oxygen to the organ, controls red blood cell levels and removes waste.

The research team began their experiments with livers from pigs. After repeated testing and engineering development, they succeeded in getting the pig livers to survive for seven days with support only provided from the Liver4Life machine. They also discovered the system can work to repair damaged livers. The team is now planning its next step to transplant machine-treated organs into patients.

Pierre-Alain Clavien. leader of the research said in a statement. “This technology will greatly increase the number of livers available for transplant, improving the chances of survival for patients. The success of this unique machine opens the way for many new applications in transplantation and cancer medicine.”

【1】What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2?

A.Introduce a brand new topic for discussion.

B.Provide some latest data about present liver transplants.

C.Show the urgency of tech improvement in liver transplants.

D.Remind readers concerned of the importance of a healthy liver.

【2】What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A.The machine.B.The liver.

C.The temperature.D.The tissue.

【3】What can we learn about the Liver4Life machine?

A.It is among the most commonly used machines for liver transplants.

B.It is aimed to carry out liver perfusion operations in the human body.

C.It can perform several functions to keep the liver working normally.

D.It can be used to keep the pig livers alive for more than one week.

【4】Where is this text most likely from?

A.A biology textbook.B.A first aid brochure.

C.A social web page.D.A health magazine.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】

本文为一篇说明文。在四年多的时间里，瑞士研究人员开发出一种机器，可以让人的肝脏在体外存活一周。文章介绍了这个机器的作用，研究过程和意义。

【1】

推理判断题。根据第二段Current technology can only keep human livers alive for up to 24 hours. It is reported that, in 2017, about 8.000 liver transplants were performed in the U.S., of which 360 used livers from living givers In addition, about 11,500 people were registered on a waiting list to receive a liver transplant. Keeping livers alive and functioning for longer periods could greatly improve the chances of survival for patients.目前的技术只能让人类的肝脏存活24小时。据报道，2017年，美国约有8000例肝移植手术在美国，另外还有360个活体捐赠者的肝脏，约有1.15万人在等待接受肝脏移植。延长肝脏的存活和功能可以大大提高患者的存活几率。推测作者在第二段中，想要展示肝脏移植技术改进的紧迫性。故选C项。

【2】

词句猜测题。根据the machine keeps the liver at the right temperature and moves it in a way that would be natural in the body. 这台机器将肝脏保持在适当的温度，后文主语为The machine，谓语为move，推测宾语与前文相同，也为liver。所以机器使肝脏保持在合适的温度，并以一种人体自然的方式移动肝脏。因此it指的是“肝脏”。故选B项。

【3】

推理判断题。根据第三段The machine keeps the liver at the right temperature and moves it in a way that would be natural in the body. Using a pump to fill the liver with blood acting like a human heart, the machine also provides oxygen to the organ, controls red blood cell levels and removes waste. 这台机器将肝脏保持在适当的温度，并以人体的方式自然移动肝脏。利用泵像心脏一样向肝脏内注入血液，这台机器还向肝脏提供氧气，控制红细胞水平，并清除废物。 及第四段They also discovered the system can work to repair damaged livers. 他们还发现该系统可以修复受损的肝脏。由此判断出，Liver4Life机器可以发挥多种功能，保持肝脏正常工作。故选C项。

【4】

推理判断题。在四年多的时间里，瑞士研究人员开发出一种机器，可以让人的肝脏在体外存活一周。文章介绍了这个机器的作用，研究过程和意义。推测这篇文章最有可能来自健康杂志。故选D项。