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    20．A patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires，tubes sticking out of the chest．It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin．
    Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted（植入）the titanium（钛）and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday．The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive''Tuesday and resting comfortably．It refused to eve personal details．
    The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation，and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month．But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life．
    The new pump，called AbioCor，is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the l980s，which were attached by wires and tubes to large machinery outside the body．The most famous of those，the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus（器械）about the size of a washing machine．
    "I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development，''said Dr．David Faxon，president of the American heart Association．However，he said the dream of an implantable，permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality："This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated．"Only about half of the 4，200Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received  themlast year，and most of the rest died．
    Some doctors，including Robert Higgins，chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond，said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts．"A donor heart in a good transplant can last l5to 30years．''he said．"It's going be hard to replace that with a machine．''

    56．The self-contained artificial heartC．
    A．is made of titanium and pump
    B．brought the patient to the brink of death
    C．gets power from a battery pack without wires
    D．was invented by two surgeons from University of Louisville
    57．From the text we can knowB．
    A．the patient recovered completely
    B．the patient got better after the operation
    C．the patient refused to obtain a donor heart
    D．the patient died a month later after the heart implantation
    58．What can we learn about the Jarvic-7？B
    A．It is a technological leap today．
    B．It could be used most widely in the l980s．
    C．It is as advanced as AbioCor．
    D．It must be attached to a washing machine．
    59．Dr．David Faxon thinks the self-contained heartD．
    A．has achieved a long-term success
    B．will replace donor hearts
    C．is an implantable and permanent artificial heart
    D．is still in the experimental stage
    60．What does the underlined word"them''in Paragraph 5refer to？A
    A．donor hearts           B．artificial hearts
    C．experimental devices   D．heart operations．

    分析 首例整套人工心脏移植
    一位病危的患者接受了世界上第一个整套人工心脏移植--一个垒球般大小、由电池驱动的装置．这个装置运行时不需要电线，且患者胸部不必附带软管
    周一，在犹太医院内，两名来自路易斯维尔大学的医生经过7小时的手术，给病人植入了钛和塑料的泵状心脏．该医院声称，病人已于周二苏醒，反应灵敏，且正在安逸地休息．但拒绝透露病人的个人信息．
    医生说，病人如果不做手术，可能在一个月内死亡，院方预计此人工心脏仅能延长病人一个月的寿命．但这一装置却被视为改善病人生命质量的重要一步．
    这种称作AbioCor的新泵，与20世纪80年代那种通过管线与体外庞大机械相连的机械心脏相比，也是一项技术飞跃．那些旧机械心脏当中最为著名的便是Jarvic-7型，其采用空气作为泵输出装置，与一个洗衣机般大小的器械相连接．
    美国心脏协会主席David Faxon博士说："这可能是人工心脏发展中的重大飞跃．"但他还说，可植入的永久性人工心脏这一梦想还不现实，"很显然，这只是一个实验装置，能否长期成功还有待证实．"等待别人捐献心脏的4 200个美国人中去年只有大约一半人接受到捐献，剩余的大部分人都死亡了．
    包括里士满弗吉尼亚医学院心脏病学主任Robert Higgins在内的一些医生说，人工心脏不太可能替代捐献的心脏．
    "如果移植得好，一个捐献的心脏可存活15-30年，"他说，"而这一点机器是很难代替的．"

    解答 CBBDA
    56．答案 C 细节理解题  根据第一段A patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires，tubes sticking out of the chest．It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin．可知，人工心脏需要电池供电，不需要电线，故答案为C
    57．答案 B 推理判断题  根据The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive''Tuesday and resting comfortably可知，术后病人状况很好，故答案为B
    58．答案 B 细节理解题 根据The new pump，called AbioCor，is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the l980s，…The most famous of those，the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and…可知，Jarvic-7主要用于二十世纪八十年代，故答案为B
    59．答案 D 推理判断题 根据I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development，''he said the dream of an implantable，permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality可知，David Faxon博士说这是一个巨大的飞跃，但仍然处于实验阶段，故答案为D
    60．答案 A  词义猜测题  根据．"Only about half of the 4，200Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received themlast year，可知等待别人捐献心脏的4 200个美国人中去年只有大约一半人接受到捐献，此处的them指的是捐献者的心脏，故答案为A

    点评 科普类阅读理解题主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力．试题的取材，密切联系当前我国和世界经济、科技等方面的变化，有关数据的来源真实可信．因此科普知识类文章是每年的必考题．分析历年的科普类文章我们不难发现以下特点：
    1、文章逻辑性强，条理清楚，语法结构简单，用语通俗．
    2、文章内容注重科技领域的新发现．内容新颖，从而使文章显得陌生，内容抽象复杂．
    3、命题方面注意对具体细节的准确理解和以之为依据的推理判断．
    4、以人们的日常行为或饮食健康入手，探讨利弊，诠释过程，阐述概念．

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    What's the difference between a left wag and a   right wag？Professor Vallortigara and his colleagues have studied 43 dogs of various breeds-German Shepherds，Beagles，Boxers，Border Collies and some mutts．They find that if a dog wags its tail to the left，it's feeling anxious or nervous．The reason could be an unfamiliar or dangerous situation，an unfamiliar person，or an unfamiliar and possibly threatening dog．But if the tail is wagging to the right，it means the dog is feeling relaxed and approachable．
    "The tail is a very important signal，"said Thomas Reimchen，a biologist at the University of Victoria in British Columbia，Canada．"There is a lot of visual information that dogs use when communicating with each other．"
    How did the scientists figure all this information out？They had the dogs in their study watch videotapes of other dogs．When the dog on the tape wagged its tail to the right，they say the other dogs remained calm and cool．But when the dog on the tape wagged its tail to the left，the other dogs got anxious．
    The researchers are still not exactly sure if the direction of tail wagging is something the dog does consciously．They suspect that it might be something the dog does without even thinking about it-kind of like when you get goose bumps if something scares or startles you．They plan to do more research to get more information about what dogs are thinking and feeling while they're wagging．As Reimchen said，"I'm not going to be surprised if we find all sorts of really interesting processes that nobody has ever seen before．"
     
    64．Professor Vallortigara'study focused on the relationship betweenB．
    A．a dog's state of mind and its owner's feeling
    B．a dog's state of mind and the direction of its tail wagging
    C．a dog's sense of direction and its state of mind
    D．a dog's intention of tail wagging and its feeling      
    65．According to the study，dogs which wag their tails to the left may feelD．
    A．calm        B．happy         C．angry         D．anxious
    66．It is implied in Thomas Reimchen's words in Paragraph 4 thatC．
    A．dogs'tails play an important role in their growth
    B．dogs show their feelings only by wagging their tails
    C．dogs get to know others by watching tail wagging 
    D．dogs can understand each other by repeating tail wagging
    67．How does the passage mainly develop？A
    A．By asking and analyzing questions       
    B．By making comparisons．
    C．By following the order of time．
    D．By providing examples．

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