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Language learning begins with listening.Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking,and later starters are often long listeners. Most children will“obey”spoken instructions some time before they can speak,though the word“obey”is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child.Before they can speak,many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.

Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties.It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight,pain,friendliness,and so on.But since these can’t be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate,they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language.It is agreed,too,that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment,and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store.This selfimitation(模仿) leads on to deliberate(有意的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people.The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.

It is a problem we need to get out teeth into.The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world.Thus the use at seven months of“mama”as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father,his dog,or anything else he likes.Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself,I doubt,however whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.

1.Before children start speaking        .

A.they need equal amount of listening

B.they need different amounts of listening

C.they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructions

D.they can’t understand and obey the adult’s oral instructions

2.Children who start speaking late        .

A.may have problems with their listening

B.probably do not hear enough language spoken around them

C.usually pay close attention to what they hear

D.often take a long time in learning to listen properly

3.The problem of deciding at what point a baby’s imitations can be considered as speech        .

A.is important because words have different meanings for different people

B.is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually

C.is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age

D.is one that should be completely ignored(忽略) because children’s use of words is often meaningless

4.The speaker wants to tell us that        .

A.parents can never hope to teach their children new sounds

B.children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak

C.even after they have learnt to speak,children still enjoy imitating

D.children who are good at imitating learn new words more quickly

 

【答案】

1.B

2.D

3.B

4.C

【解析】略

 

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      Suppose you work in a big firm and find English very important for your job because you often deal with
foreign businessmen. Now you are looking for a place where you can improve your English, especially your
spoken English. Here are some advertisements (广告) about English language training from newspapers. You
may find the information you need. 
      Global English Centre 
      ● General English in all four skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
      ● 3-month (700 yuan), 6-month (1,200 yuan) and one-year (2,000) courses. 
      ● Choice of morning or evening classes, 3 hours per day. Mon.~Fri.
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     Add: 105 Zhongshan Road, 100082
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     ● Small classes (12~16 students) on Sat. & Sun. from 2:00~5:00 p.m. 
     ● Native English teachers from Canada and USA.
     ● Language lab and computers supplied. 
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          Write or phone: Modern Language School, 675 Park Road, 100056
          Tel: 67353019
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      ● We offer morning or afternoon classes, both of which last three months and a half at a cost of 800
           yuan. 
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      ● Entrance exams: June 1 and Dec. 1.
      ● Only 15-minute walk from city centre. 
      ● Call 67801642 for more information.
     The International House of English 
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            per week, convenient (方便的) class hours: 
            9:00~12:00 a.m. and 2:00~5:00 p.m. 
      ● A four-month evening programme for developing speaking skills (same cost as day classes). 
      ● Well-trained Chinese and foreign teachers with experience in teaching English as a second foreign
           language. l Free sightseeing and social activities. 
      ● Very close to the Central Park. 
           For further information call 674322308.
1. You work from 9:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. every day. Which school will you choose?
[     ]
A. Global English Centre and Modern Language School.
B. Global English Centre and The International House of English.
C. Modern English Centre School and The 21st Century English Training Centre.
D. The 21st Century English Training Centre and The International House of English.
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A. its teaching quality is better
B. it is near to the city centre
C. its courses are more advanced
D. it requires an entrance examination
3. You will probably prefer to go The International House of English because it _____.
[     ]
A. offers free sightseeing and social activities
B. has a special course in spoken English
C. costs less than the other schools
D. has native English teachers
4. If you take the evening programme at The International House of English, you will pay _____.
[     ]
A. 60 yuan
B. 240 yuan
C. 720 yuan
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