Question

【题目】根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
Renaissance is a French word. It means “rebirth”. It's a strange name for a period of history. What was exactly “ reborn” during the Renaissance?
To answer this question, we need to look back at the time of the Roman Empire. At this time Roman artists, scientists and writers influenced by Greek ideas were the world's most advanced. They had become skilled observers of the natural world around them, and had become experts in studying animals, plants, the human body or the stars and planets. They wrote down their ideas about what they saw, and based their theories about the world on their observations.
During the fourth and fifth centuries the Roman Empire slowly broke down. Many of the Romans' art and sculptures were destroyed and some manuscripts（原稿）were lost as well. But most importantly, some of the ancient attitudes were lost. A questioning approach to the world was replaced by an unquestioning one.
Why did this happen? One reason was to do with the influence of the Christian Church. Through the thousand years following the fall of the Roman Empire, the Church controlled many aspects of life including education and learning. The Church ran all the universities and thought that the aim of a university should be to teach old ideas more clearly, not to introduce new ones. The scholars in the universities were expected to study God and heaven from the Bible and ancient books, rather than the world around them.
Take medicine for example. The main textbook for doctors had been written by a Greek doctor called Galen more than a thousand years earlier. But when Roger Bacon, a thirteenth-century priest（牧师）, said that a new approach to medicine was needed --- doctors should do their own original research instead of reading writers from the past such as Galen-the Church put him in prison.
By the time of the fourteenth century, however, some parts of the Christian Church were becoming less strict about their ideas and there was a new state of mind among artists, doctors and scientist. People wanted to find out more about the world by studying it. This attitude of investigation had been common in classical scholars, and it was ‘reborn' during the Renaissance.
（1）We know from the text that scientists at the time of the Roman Empire believed in_______.
A.their companions' observations
B.what they saw with their own eyes
C.what they learned from the Greeks
D.the most advanced theories at that time
（2）We can infer that students in the Church controlled universities might_________.
A.have good memories
B.change their beliefs
C.be lacking in creativity
D.be interested in astronomy
（3）Roger Bacon was put in prison because he_________.
A.gave up being a priest
B.showed no respect for Galen
C.did some research secretly
D.challenged the Church
（4）The text probably comes from a book about_________.
A.medicine
B.education
C.religion
D.history

Answer 1

【答案】
（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了罗马帝国时期及后来教会统治时期西方社会在科学文化方面的发展变化，阐明了文艺复兴时期真正的复兴是什么。

⑴考查推理判断。根据第二段中的”They had become skilled observers of the natural world around them, and had become experts in studying animals, plants, the human body or the stars and planets. They wrote down their ideas about what they saw, and based their theories about the world on their observations. “可知罗马帝国时期的科学家们进行了更多的研究，相信自己看到的，并且把观察到的记录下来。故选B。

⑵考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”The Church ran all the universities and thought that the aim of a university should be to teach old ideas more clearly, not to introduce new ones. The scholars in the universities were expected to study God and heaven from the Bible and ancient books, rather than the world around them.“可知当时教会统治大学，教学陈旧没有新发现和创新。所以学生们缺乏创造力，故选C。

⑶考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的”But when Roger Bacon, a thirteenth-century priest（牧师）, said that a new approach to medicine was needed --- doctors should do their own original research instead of reading writers from the past such as Galen-the Church put him in prison.“ 可知Roger Bacon提出了和教会不同的观点，鼓励做研究创新而遭到教会惩罚，被关进监狱。故选D。

⑷考查推理判断。本文介绍了罗马帝国时期及后来教会统治时期西方社会在科学文化方面的发展变化，阐明了文艺复兴时期真正的复兴是什么。这种文章讲的是发展史会出现在历史书籍中，其他三项是片面的，故选D。