Clive Roberts，a director at ELS Educational Services，says English tests are changing greatly in response to the global growth in the use of English as a lingua franca— the common language used among people with different native languages．For that reason，a lot of new tests are being developed while old tests are being improved to meet the needs of universities and employers worldwide.
Changes in language testing
“A lot of tests are now delivered online，all four skills are being tested，in some cases，by computer，in particular speaking and writing skills，which are the most difficult to assess on a computer environment，”says Mr.Roberts.
Computer testing will reduce the length of time required for testing，because the tests adjust to the test-taker’s ability．These computer-adaptive tests also increase accuracy in scoring．Computer-adaptive tests change depending on the test-taker’s responses．They can become more or less difficult during the testing session．For this reason，the set of correct answers will be different for each test-taker．
Cultural sensitivity
Another change to language testing relates to cultural sensitivity．The term refers to material on a test that is based on a certain culture or is hard for test-takers from different cultures to understand．
Mr．Roberts says test development companies are now hiring people with intercultural communication backgrounds to review test items．The companies want to make sure the test does not upset test-takers．
Proficiency(精通程度)in language
Changes to English proficiency tests make them better at measuring the learners’ ability．However，Mr．Roberts says the changes may mean the tests are more difficult for some students．
“The tests have become more proficiency-oriented．The items are being designed in such a way that they test real-world proficiency and not simply sort of an artificial environment or a specific set of skills that are taught in a classroom．So a lot of authentic texts，a lot of authentic listening passages are being used．”
The changes mean students have to be able to understand English the way it is used in everyday life， not just in textbooks．
1.Which of the following can best replace the underlined words“a lingua franca”in Paragraph l?
A． a universal language B．a second language
C．a native language D．a mother tongue
2.Which of the following is true about online English tests?
A．Listening is more difficult to be tested online than speaking．
B．Online English tests need more time．
C．Online English tests make scoring more accurate．
D．Online English tests are more difficult．
3.Why is proficiency stressed in language testing?
A．To make the test more difficult．
B．To get learners to learn textbooks well．
C．To test learners’speaking ability．
D．To test learners’ real ability to use the language．
4.Which words can best describe the new English tests?
A． More accurate but easier．
B．Less practical but harder．
C． Better but harder．
D．Less popular but easier．
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名题训练系列答案科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年山东枣庄八中南校区高一3月单元测英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Children whose minds wander might have sharper brains, a research suggests.
A study has found that people who appear to be often distracted (走神) have more “working memory”, giving them the ability to hold a lot of information in their heads and control it cleverly.
Children at school need this type of memory on a daily basis for a variety of tasks, such as following teachers’ instructions or remembering dictated (听写的) sentences. During the study, volunteers were asked to perform one simple task during which researchers kept asking if their minds were wandering. At the end, volunteers measured their working memory capacity (容量) by their ability to remember a series of letters mixed with simple maths questions.
Daniel Levinson, a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in the United States, said that those with higher working memory capacity reported “more mind wandering during these simple tasks”, but their performance did not suffer.
The results, published online in the journal Psychological Science, appear to confirm former research that found working memory allows humans to deal with multiple thoughts at the same time.
Dr Jonathan Smallwood, of the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science in Leipzig, Germany, said, “What this study seems to suggest is that, when surroundings for the task aren’t very difficult, people with additional working memory capacity use them effectively to think about other things besides what they’re doing.”
Working memory capacity is also associated with general measures of intelligence, such as reading comprehension and IQ scores. Dr Smallwood added: “Our results suggest the sorts of planning that people do quite often in daily life – when they are on the bus, when they are cycling to work, when they are in the shower – are probably supported by working memory.”
1.During the study, the researchers asked the volunteers to _______.
A. solve some difficult maths problems
B. retell some dictated sentences
C. follow the teacher’s instructions
D. carry out one simple task
2.The underlined word “suffer” in the fourth paragraph probably means _______.
A. become worse B. settle down
C. experience pain D. run out
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A. prevents people from remembering dictated sentences
B. causes people’s minds to wander more easily
C. allows people to consider more things at the same time
D. leads to people’s worse performance during work
4.What’s the text mainly about?
A. How the working memory works in the daily life.
B. Wandering minds might have brighter brains.
C. Why people’s minds wander while working.
D. Working ability can be improved by wandering minds.
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完形填空
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Those who believe that they will never do well in a particular area probably never will. Those who believe they are not good at ________ will forever feel unprepared. But those who believe that it is ________ to succeed at what they attempt can surprise themselves.
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1.A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything
2.A. possible B. vital C. impossible D. important
3.A. travel B. retire C. resign D. leave
4.A. confident B. negative C. enthusiastic D. elegant
5.A. always B. often C. again D. never
6.A. expect B. warn C. invite D. urge
7.A. sorrow B. surprise C. delight D. relief
8.A. owned B. founded C. supported D. joined
9.A. signed up B. made up C. took up D. came up
10.A. prepare B. exercise C. wrestle D. consult
11.A. place B. shape C. trouble D. practice
12.A. Anyhow B. Moreover C. Therefore D. However
13.A. True B. Exact C. Opposite D. Relevant
14.A. advised B. promised C. predicted D. designed
15.A. settled B. lay C. sat D. laid
16.A. When B. After C. Before D. Until
17.A. plan B. idea C. goal D. word
18.A. lost B. won C. gained D. performed
19.A. changes B. happens C. recovers D. reacts
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每旬中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个灞字符号(A)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉，
修改：在惜的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意： 1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词 2、只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I'm from Detroit in the United States, and during his senior year in high school I win a scholarship to study the singing during the summer in London. When I went there, I stayed in someone's home. The people were very sweetly, and it was a really fun summer. I got the inside view of that it's like to live there. I loved it, but I have to say, one thing that surprising me was that you had to go to such many different stores to do your shopping. There are also a lot of differences in the language. They said thing like ”ring you up” instead of “give you a call." It took me a little while figure out these differences， because it was fun.
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阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
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Sometimes you may be at a 4. (lose) as to what to do; sometimes you are certain that people understand you 5. are just pretending that they don’t, and other times they make a very 6. (consider) effort to communicate with you.
You should also be prepared to make changes in the diet and get accustomed to 7. local foods and the limited selection of familiar foods in the stores and restaurants. You may not have the nice variety of very large grocery stores you had back home.
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短文改错：
下面短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分
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完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中．选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Many years ago, I went to ________ my mother from work in the afternoon. I got there a little early so I parked the car by the road and waited for her.
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His only aim was to run freely and to do it as ________ as he could. He was just being a child-just being himself - being completely in the moment. He was not looking for ________ or was not worrying about whether someone was ________ or not. He wasn't concerned about being judged. He didn't seem to be bothered by the fact that maybe someone would see him fall ( as there were others in the park apart from him and his mother) and that it would be ________ if he did fall. No, all that ________ to him was to accomplish the task or activity at hand to the best of his ability. To run and to feel the experience of running fully and freely. I ________ a lot from that observation and experience, and have successfully brought that lesson with me in my many pursuits in life.
1.A. take up B. pick up C. bring up D. look up
2.A. realized B. understood C. saw D. helped
3.A. marching B. walking C. running D. moving
4.A. even if B. only if C. if only D. as if
5.A. hesitation B. competition C. situation D. motivation
6.A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing
7.A. especially B. specially C. generally D. normally
8.A. success B. failure C. shame D. pity
9.A. announced B. abandoned C. assumed D. associated
10.A. encouraged B. shocked C. discouraged D. excited
11.A. In other words B. In conclusion C. For another D. On the contrary
12.A. faith B. honesty C. persistence D. loyalty
13.A. upset B. calm C. enthusiastic D. confident
14.A. symbols B. signs C. signals D. marks
15.A. effectively B. imaginatively C. relatively D. negatively
16.A. explanation B. approval C. curiosity D. opinion
17.A. listening B. glaring C. watching D. enjoying
18.A. embarrassing B. amazing C. confusing D. thrilling
19.A. referred B. came C. contributed D. mattered
20.A. won B. learned C. made D. knew
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