Question

【题目】Women are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers have found it’s all down to the hormone oxytocin(荷尔蒙催生素). Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently.

“Women tend to be social in their behavior. They often share with others. But men tend to be competitive. They are trying to improve their social status,” said Professor Ryan.

Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions such as falling in love or giving birth.

But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.

Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship.

Professor Ryan’s recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37. Half of the participants received oxytocin. The other half received placebo（安慰剂）.

After a week, the two groups switched with participants. They went through the same procedure with the other material.

Following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions. Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions. The questions were about telling friendship from competition. And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions.

The results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin, men’s ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.

Professor Ryan thus concluded: “Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people’s abilities to better distinguish different social interactions. And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factor（因素）that are mainly hormonal.”

【1】Which of the following causes men and women to behave differently ?

A.Social situations. B. The social status.

C.Placebo.D. Biological factors.

【2】What can we learn from Professor Ryan’s previous experiment?

A. Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way.

B. During the experiment the participants received different materials

C. Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others’ success.

D. Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand people’s behavior differences.

【3】 Professor Ryan conducted the recent experiment______.

A. by using 144 participants in total.

B. after a week conducted a previous experiment.

C. To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions.

D. to test the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations

【4】 Where does this text probably come from?

A. A newspaper advertisement.

B. A science magazine.

C. Science fiction.

D. A news report.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】C

【4】B

【解析】

文章大意：本文是一篇科普文。文章通过Professor Ryan所做的调查实验发现，荷尔蒙催生素能提高人们更好辨认不同的社会交往的能力；男女之间行为的差异是由主要是荷尔蒙的生物因素所引起的。

【1】D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors（因素）that are mainly hormonal.”可知，男女之间行为的不同是由于生物因素导致的，故选D。

【2】C细节理解题。根据文章第四段But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.可知，人们情绪不佳时会产生荷尔蒙催生素。

【3】C 判断推理题。根据Professor Ryan所做的实验的过程及最后所得出的实验结论Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people’s abilities to better distinguish different social interactions可知，最近这次实验是想测试一下荷尔蒙催生素对辨认社交能力的效果，而结果证实了荷尔蒙催生素能提高人们的这种能力。故选C。

【4】B判断推理题。本文是一篇科普文，文章介绍的是Professor Ryan进行的两次科学实验来测试荷尔蒙催生素对于不同性别的人的行为的能力的影响，所以这篇文章应该出现在科学杂志上，故答案为B。