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2.Two British colonies
Australia,the last continent,was discovered by ships belonging to some European nations in the 17th century.These nations were less interested in changing it into a colony than exploring it.As in the early history of the United States,it was the English (33)who/that set up the settlements in America.This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some (34)other things in common.
Australia and the United States are about equal in size,and neither of their western lands are rich in soil.It was along the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled,and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west.However,this Westward Movement took place more because the English (35)were searching (search) for better land than because the population was increasing.Settlements of the western part of both countries developed quickly after gold (36)was discovered (discover) in America in 1849and in Australia two years later.
Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common,there are some striking differences as well.The United States gained its independence from England by revolution while Australia won its independence without (37)going (go) to war.Australia,firstly (38)turned (turn) into a colony by English prisoners,was unlike the United States,and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising.By 1922,for example,Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people,or almost half as many sheep as there are people now in the United States.Yet,(39)in spite of  these and other main differences,Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one (40)has (have) with the rest of the world.

分析 本文主要列举了英国曾经的两大殖民地---美国以及澳大利亚在它们的历史和地理上所存在的许多共同之处;文中讲到:美国和澳大利亚两个国家的土地面积相当,它们的土壤都不肥沃;英国人最早占领了它们的东部海岸后,它们都进行了西进运动;1849年在美国以及两年后在澳大利亚,黄金被发现后,这两个国家在西部地区的定居点都得到了迅速发展;它们之间的差异在于:美国通过革命脱离了英国的统治,澳大利亚是在没有发动战争的情况下而赢得了独立;澳大利亚的经济以小麦种植和养羊业为主,而美国则不是如此;最后文中讲到,尽管它们存在着一些差异,但是这两个国家所具有的相似之处比它们中任何一个与世界上其他国家的存在的相似性都多.

解答 答案:
33.who/that   考查强调句    本句符合强调句的结构"It+be+强调部分+that/who+其他";意为:正如美国早期的历史一样,正是英国人在美洲建立了定居点;所以本句为强调句,由于强调部分 the English (指人);故用who/that  
34.other   考查形容词   根据下文描述了两大殖民地在其他方面的相同之处可知,本句的意思应是:这两个英国殖民地的历史和地理还有着其他的共同之处;故填other
35.were searching     考查时态    本句的意思:然而,西进运动发生的多半原因是英国人想要寻找比较好的土地,而不是因为人口的不断增长;这里描述的是当时西进运动发生时正发生的动作;故用过去进行时were searching    
36.was discovered     考查被动语态    本句的意思是:1849年在美国以及两年后在澳大利亚,黄金被发现后,这两个国家在西部地区的定居点迅速发展了起来;此处在after引导的时间状语从句中作谓语,由于动词discover与其主语gold构成被动关系,并且这里描述的是1849年以及两年后发生的事情;故用一般过去时态的被动语态was discovered
37.going   考查动名词     此处在句中作介词without的作宾语,故用动名词going
38.turned   考查过去分词     此处在句中作后置定语,修饰前面的名词Australia;由于动词turn与该名词构成了动宾关系;意为:最先由英国的囚犯变成殖民地的澳大利亚;故用过去分词turned 
39.in spite of   考查介词短语    结合上下文可知,这里的意思是:然而,尽管存在着这些以及其他的一些主要差异;由于these and other main differences不是一个句子,不能用连词although或though;故填in spite of  
40.has   考查主谓一致以及时态    本句的意思是:美国和澳大利亚所具有的相似之处比它们中任何一个与世界上其他国家的存在的相似性都多;由于此处陈述的是目前的实际状况,所以应使用一般现在时;因为本句的主语either one指"两者中的任何一个",故谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式 has

点评 本题主要考查了各种语法在短文中的具体运用.做本题时,需要在正确理解短文的前提下,逐句分析句意以及所考查到的语法现象;因此在平时的学习中,应熟练掌握各种语法知识,其中包括词法,句法,各种时态语态以及虚拟语气等.

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