【题目】 Using natural and organic products for skincare is increasingly popular-and that includes suncream. Many websites, including Pinterest and Instagram, feature users' recipes for homemade suncream. Judging from the comment, the rise in interest for homemade suncream is because some people fear the chemicals in shop-bought suncream and believe that natural products mixed at home will be better at protecting them from the sun's harmful rays. The fear originates from recent news that some suncream elements seem to disturb hormones (荷尔蒙).
Many of the homemade suncream recipes contain elements like shea butter and cocoa butter as well as coconut and vitamin E oils. The sun protection factor (SPF) values for these elements, according to the authors of these recipes, are between four and six. These SPF values, if true, are not enough to protect the skin against the harmful effects of sunlight. Some recipes include carrot seed essential oil, which the authors claim to have an SPF of 35-40. But this is unlikely, given the small amount used in these recipes. The European Commission recommended SPF factor for moderate skin protection is 15-29 (and 30-50+ for high protection).
The sun's most harmful rays are ultraviolet (UV) radiation-notably UVB and UVA radiation. UVB has a shorter wavelength and doesn't go far into the skin, but it is very dangerous as it can change the DNA in skin cells and cause skin cancer. UVA has a longer wave- length and can go much deeper into the skin. UVA can cause harmful reactive oxygen molecules (分子)called “free radicals” to form. These molecules can damage fat, protein and DNA in the skin, thereby weakening the normal function of skin cells.
Shop-bought suncream contains approved UV-blocking molecules that block UVA and UVB rays. Zinc oxide (氧化锌)is one of these UV-blocking materials. It has been extensively tested to determine the most effective size for blocking harmful rays. It is not clear whether the zinc oxide powder recommended for the homemade recipes meets with the recommended size or proportion needed.
【1】What may concern consumers of the shop-bought suncream?
A.The price of it.B.The hormones in it.
C.The chemicals in it.D.The production process of it.
【2】What are SPF values used for?
A.Measuring the amount of chemicals in suncream.
B.Measuring the harm suncream do to people.
C.Measuring the hormone level of suncream.
D.Measuring the protective effect of suncream.
【3】What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A.How sun protection products work.
B.What harm the sun's rays bring to skin.
C.How the sun's most harmful rays form.
D.How UVB and UVA radiation can be blocked.
【4】What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.Shop-bought suncream needs more tests.
B.More zinc oxide powder is beneficial to skin.
C.Shop-bought suncream is more suitable for people.
D.More chemicals will be added into shop-bought suncream.
【答案】
【1】C
【2】D
【3】B
【4】C
【解析】
本文为议论文。使用天然和有机产品进行护肤越来越受欢迎，其中包括防晒霜。有人自制防晒霜，认为能更好地保护自己免受阳光的伤害，其实商店买的防晒霜经过证明对人体没有伤害，阻止紫外线更有效。
【1】细节理解题。根据第一段“some people fear the chemicals in shop-bought suncream”一些人担心商店里购买的防晒霜中含有的化学物质，由此可知消费者担心在商店买的防晒霜里含有化学物质，故选C。
【2】推理判断题。根据第二段“The sun protection factor (SPF) values for these elements, according to the authors of these recipes, are between four and six. These SPF values, if true, are not enough to protect the skin against the harmful effects of sunlight.... The European Commission recommended SPF factor for moderate skin protection is 15-29 (and 30-50+ for high protection).”这些成分的防晒系数(SPF)值在4到6之间。这些SPF值，如果是真的，不足以保护皮肤免受阳光的伤害。欧盟委员会建议中等皮肤保护的SPF系数为15-29（高保护的SPF系数为30-50+）可知，SPF为防晒系数，主要是测量防晒霜的保护效果。故选D。
【3】主旨大意题。根据第三段“The sun's most harmful rays are ultraviolet (UV) radiation-notably UVB and UVA radiation. UVB has a shorter wavelength and doesn't go far into the skin, but it is very dangerous as it can change the DNA in skin cells and cause skin cancer. UVA has a longer wave- length and can go much deeper into the skin. UVA can cause harmful reactive oxygen molecules (分子)called “free radicals” to form. These molecules can damage fat, protein and DNA in the skin, thereby weakening the normal function of skin cells.” 太阳最有害的射线是紫外线（UV）辐射，特别是UVB和UVA辐射。UVB波长较短，不会深入皮肤，但它会改变皮肤细胞中的DNA，导致皮肤癌，因此非常危险。紫外线波长较长，可以深入皮肤。UVA可以导致有害的活性氧分子的形成。这些分子会破坏皮肤中的脂肪、蛋白质和DNA，从而削弱皮肤细胞的正常功能。由此可推断出本段主要叙述了太阳对皮肤的危害。故选B。
【4】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Shop-bought suncream contains approved UV-blocking molecules that block UVA and UVB rays. Zinc oxide (氧化锌)is one of these UV-blocking materials. It has been extensively tested to determine the most effective size for blocking harmful rays” 商店购买的防晒霜含有经过批准的防紫外线分子，可以阻挡UVA和UVB射线。氧化锌是其中的一种防紫外线材料。它已被广泛测试，证实在阻挡有害射线方面最有效。可推断出在商店买的防晒霜更适合人们。故选C。
推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。第2小题为推理判断题，根据第二段“The sun protection factor (SPF) values for these elements, according to the authors of these recipes, are between four and six. These SPF values, if true, are not enough to protect the skin against the harmful effects of sunlight.... The European Commission recommended SPF factor for moderate skin protection is 15-29 (and 30-50+ for high protection).”这些成分的防晒系数(SPF)值在4到6之间。这些SPF值，如果是真的，不足以保护皮肤免受阳光的伤害。欧盟委员会建议中等皮肤保护的SPF系数为15-29（高保护的SPF系数为30-50+）可知，SPF为防晒系数，主要是测量防晒霜的保护效果。故选D。
根据事实细节，才能推断出合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
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