Question

【题目】Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation (感觉) of warmth encourages emotional (情感的) warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist (心理学家) John A. Bargh.

Psychologists have known that one person’s perception (感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable (能干的). Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness.

Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.

To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses (假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly (抽象的),” says Bargh.

【1】According to Paragraph I，a person’s emotion may be affected by ________.

A. the visitors to his office

B. the psychology lessons he has

C. his physical feeling of coldness

D. the things he has bought online

【2】In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to _________.

A. judge someone’s personality

B. write down their hypotheses

C. fill out a personal information form

D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively (有选择地)

【3】We can infer from the passage that ________.

A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

C. physical temperature affects how we see others

D. capable persons are often cold to others

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】C

【解析】科学家通过试验证明，在人际交往中，人们能从对方哪怕端来一杯水中感受到对方的温暖或冷淡，因此，在人际交往中，我们要用关心去温暖对方。

【1】C

考查推理判断。根据第一段中The physical sensation (感觉) of warmth encourages emotional (情感的) warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions可知，一个人的情感可能会受到他身体上寒冷的感觉的影响。故选C。

【2】A

细节理解题。根据第四段中After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description.可知，在Bargh的实验中，学生们被要求评判某人的个性。故选A。

【3】C

考查推理判断。第一段说，身体能感受到的温暖能激起情绪上的温暖的感觉。由此判断C项陈述正确。