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    Dieters are often advised to stop drinking alcohol to avoid the extra calories lurking in a glass of wine or a favorite cocktail．But new research suggests that women who regularly consume moderate（适度的） amounts of alcohol are less likely to gain weight than nondrinkers and are at lower risk for obesity （fatness）．

           The findings, reported this week in the Archives of Internal Medicine, are based on a study of 19,220 United States women aged 30 to 40 who fall into the “normal weight” based on their body mass index．Researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston tracked the women’s drinking habits over 13 years．About 60 percent of the women were light or regular drinkers, while about 40 percent reported drinking no alcohol．

           Over the course of the study, 41 percent of the women became overweight．Although alcohol is packed with calories, the nondrinkers in the study actually gained more weight over time: nine pounds, on average, compared with an average gain of about three pounds among regular moderate drinkers．The risk of becoming overweight was almost 30 percent lower for women who consumed one or two alcohol drinks a day, compared with nondrinkers．

           The findings are certain to be confusing for women who continue to receive conflicting messages about the health benefits and risks of alcohol．Although moderate drinking is associated with better heart health, regular drinking also increases breast cancer risk．

           The trend toward less weight gain among drinkers doesn’t appear to hold true for men．A 2003 study of British men showed that regular drinkers gained more weight than nondrinkers．Studies suggest that drinking alcohol has different effects on eating habits among men and women．Men typically add alcohol to their daily caloric intake, whereas women are more likely to substitute（替代）alcohol for food．In addition, there may be differences in how men and women metabolize（代谢）alcohol．Metabolic studies show that after men drink alcohol, they experience little if any metabolic change．But alcohol appears to slightly speed up a woman’s metabolism．

           The findings don’t mean women should rush to drink alcohol to lose weight．Other research shows that once a person is already overweight, her alcohol metabolism is more efficient, and so an overweight woman may gain more weight from alcohol than a lean（瘦的） woman．The data do, however, suggest that for many women facing weight problems, the extra calories are probably not coming from alcoholic drinks．

    1．According to the study, which of the following regular drinker is less likely to gain weight than nondrinkers?

                  

    A                 B                 C                  D

    2．That men regular drinkers gained more weight than women regular drinkers is due to the following except ______．

           A．women are more likely to substitute alcohol for food．

           B．men drink alcohol much faster than women．

           C．men and women metabolize alcohol differently．

           D．men have different effects on eating habits with women．

    3．The underlined word “whereas” may probably mean _______．

           A．so                       B．in order that      C．but                D．and then

    4．What can a dieter probably do before reading this passage?

           A．Rush to drink alcohol to lose weight

           B．Add alcohol to his or her daily caloric intake．

           C．Face the weight problems alone．

           D．Try to stop drinking any alcohol or wine．

    ABCD

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    科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解

    Passage Twelve (We Should All Grow Fat and Be Happy)

    Here’s a familiar version of the boy-meets-girl situation. A young man has at last plucked up courage to invite a dazzling young lady out to dinner. She has accepted his invitation and he is overjoyed. He is determined to take her to the best restaurant in town, even if it means that he will have to live on memories and hopes during the month to come. When they get to the restaurant, he discovers that this ethereal creature is on a diet. She mustn’t eat this and she mustn’t that. Oh, but of course, she doesn’t want to spoil his enjoyment. Let him by all means eat as much fattening food as he wants: it’s the surest way to an early grave. They spend a truly memorable evening together and never see each other again.

    What a miserable lot dieters are! You can always recognize them from the sour expression on their faces. They spend most of their time turning their noses up at food. They are forever consulting calorie charts; gazing at themselves in mirrors; and leaping on to weighing-machines in the bathroom. They spend a lifetime fighting a losing battle against spreading hips, protruding tummies and double chins. Some wage all-out war on FAT. Mere dieting is not enough. They exhaust themselves doing exercises, sweating in sauna baths, being pummeled and massaged by weird machines. The really wealthy diet-mongers pay vast sums for ‘health cures’. For two weeks they can enter a nature clinic and be starved to death for a hundred guineas a week. Don’t think it’s only the middle-aged who go in for these fads either. Many of these bright young things you see are suffering from chronic malnutrition: they are living on nothing but air, water and the goodwill of God.

    Dieters undertake to starve themselves of their own free will; so why are they so miserable? Well, for one thing, they’re always hungry. You can’t be hungry and happy at the same time. All the horrible concoctions they eat instead of food leave them permanently dissatisfied. Wonderfood is a complete food, the advertisement says. ‘Just dissolve a teaspoonful in water…’. A complete food it may be, but not quite as complete as a juicy steak. And, of course, they’re always miserable because they feel so guilty. Hunger just proves too much for them and in the end they lash out and devour five huge guilt-inducing cream cakes at a sitting. And who can blame them? At least three times a day they are exposed to temptation. What utter torture it is always watching others tucking into piles of mouth-watering food while you munch a water biscuit and sip unsweetened lemon juice!

    What’s all this self-inflicted torture for? Saintly people deprive themselves of food to attain a state of grace. Unsaintly people do so to attain a state of misery. It will be a great day when all the dieters in the world abandon their slimming courses; when they hold out their plates and demand second helpings!

    1.The best title for this passage is

    A.On Fat.

    B.We Should All Grow Fat and Be Happy.

    C.Many Diseases Are Connected with Fat.

    D.Diet Deprives People of Normal Life.

    2.Why do they never see each other again?

    A.Because it is a memorable evening.

    B.Because she lets him eat as much fattening food as he wants.

    C.Because she does not eat this and drink that.

    D.Because eating fattening food is the surest way to an early grave.

    3.Which of the following ways is NOT mentioned for diet?

    A.Doing exercises.

    B.Not eating sugar.

    C.Not eating fat.

    D.Taking sauna baths.

    4.What is the author’s attitude toward diet?

    A.Persuasive.

    B.Critical.

    C.Indifferent.

    D.Adversative.

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    Passage Twelve (We Should All Grow Fat and Be Happy)
    Here’s a familiar version of the boy-meets-girl situation. A young man has at last plucked up courage to invite a dazzling young lady out to dinner. She has accepted his invitation and he is overjoyed. He is determined to take her to the best restaurant in town, even if it means that he will have to live on memories and hopes during the month to come. When they get to the restaurant, he discovers that this ethereal creature is on a diet. She mustn’t eat this and she mustn’t that. Oh, but of course, she doesn’t want to spoil his enjoyment. Let him by all means eat as much fattening food as he wants: it’s the surest way to an early grave. They spend a truly memorable evening together and never see each other again.
    What a miserable lot dieters are! You can always recognize them from the sour expression on their faces. They spend most of their time turning their noses up at food. They are forever consulting calorie charts; gazing at themselves in mirrors; and leaping on to weighing-machines in the bathroom. They spend a lifetime fighting a losing battle against spreading hips, protruding tummies and double chins. Some wage all-out war on FAT. Mere dieting is not enough. They exhaust themselves doing exercises, sweating in sauna baths, being pummeled and massaged by weird machines. The really wealthy diet-mongers pay vast sums for ‘health cures’. For two weeks they can enter a nature clinic and be starved to death for a hundred guineas a week. Don’t think it’s only the middle-aged who go in for these fads either. Many of these bright young things you see are suffering from chronic malnutrition: they are living on nothing but air, water and the goodwill of God.
    Dieters undertake to starve themselves of their own free will; so why are they so miserable? Well, for one thing, they’re always hungry. You can’t be hungry and happy at the same time. All the horrible concoctions they eat instead of food leave them permanently dissatisfied. Wonderfood is a complete food, the advertisement says. ‘Just dissolve a teaspoonful in water…’. A complete food it may be, but not quite as complete as a juicy steak. And, of course, they’re always miserable because they feel so guilty. Hunger just proves too much for them and in the end they lash out and devour five huge guilt-inducing cream cakes at a sitting. And who can blame them? At least three times a day they are exposed to temptation. What utter torture it is always watching others tucking into piles of mouth-watering food while you munch a water biscuit and sip unsweetened lemon juice!
    What’s all this self-inflicted torture for? Saintly people deprive themselves of food to attain a state of grace. Unsaintly people do so to attain a state of misery. It will be a great day when all the dieters in the world abandon their slimming courses; when they hold out their plates and demand second helpings!
    1.The best title for this passage is
    A.On Fat.
    B.We Should All Grow Fat and Be Happy.
    C.Many Diseases Are Connected with Fat.
    D.Diet Deprives People of Normal Life.
    2.Why do they never see each other again?
    A.Because it is a memorable evening.
    B.Because she lets him eat as much fattening food as he wants.
    C.Because she does not eat this and drink that.
    D.Because eating fattening food is the surest way to an early grave.
    3.Which of the following ways is NOT mentioned for diet?
    A.Doing exercises.
    B.Not eating sugar.
    C.Not eating fat.
    D.Taking sauna baths.
    4.What is the author’s attitude toward diet?
    A.Persuasive.
    B.Critical.
    C.Indifferent.
    D.Adversative.

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    A fad diet is a diet that suddenly becomes popular, usually because it promises people that they will lose a lot of weight overnight. Although dieters may really show weight loss from a fad diet, they will almost certainly get back the weight if their usual eating habits (习惯) remain unchanged. Moreover, fad diets continuously call for special products of questionable value or for “health foods” that may cost twice as much as supermarket(超市) foods. Worse yet, certain fad diets don't include nutrients(营养)good for health. People have been known to become very ill as a result of following medically unhealthy diets.
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    【小题2】From the text we know that ______.
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    PART FOUR WRITING

    SECTION A

    Directions: Read the following passage. Complete the diagram / Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information for the passage.

    Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer

    Dieters are often advised to stop drinking alcohol to avoid the extra calories hidden in a glass of wine or a favorite cocktail. But new research suggests that women who regularly consume fair amounts of alcohol are less likely to gain weight than nondrinkers and are at lower risk for fat.

    The findings are based on a study of 19,220 United States women aged 39 or older who, at the start of the study, fell into the “normal weight” category based on their body mass index (身体质量指数). Researchers tracked the women’s drinking habits over 13 years. About 60 percent of the women were light or regular drinkers, while about 40 percent reported drinking no alcohol.

    Over the course of the study, 41 percent of the women became overweight or fat. Although alcohol is packed with calories (about 150 in a six-ounce glass of wine), the nondrinkers in the study actually gained more weight over time: nine pounds, on average, compared with an average gain of about three pounds among regular mild drinkers. The risk of becoming overweight was almost 30 percent lower for women who consumed one or two alcohol drinks a day, compared with nondrinkers.

    The findings are certain to be confusing for women who continue to receive conflicting messages about the health benefits and risks of alcohol. Although mild drinking is associated with better heart health, regular drinking also increases breast cancer risk.

    The trend toward less weight gain among drinkers doesn’t appear to hold true for men. A 2003 study of British men showed that regular drinkers gained more weight than nondrinkers. There may be differences in how men and women metabolize(代谢) alcohol. Metabolic studies show that after men drink alcohol, they experience little if any metabolic change. But alcohol appears to slightly speed up a woman’s metabolism.

    The findings don’t mean women should rush to drink alcohol to lose weight. Other research shows that once a person is already overweight, her alcohol metabolism is more efficient, and so an overweight woman may gain more weight from alcohol than a lean woman. The data do, however, suggest that for many women facing weight problems, the extra calories are probably not coming from alcoholic drinks.

    Title: Women Who Drink Gain     71    

    Ⅰ. Widely known advice

    Stop drinking alcohol to avoid the extra calories.

    Ⅱ. 72    subjects: 19,220 United States women aged 39 or older of    73  

    ●about 60 percent－light or regular drinkers;

    ●about 40 percent－  74  

    Ⅲ. Findings

    ● 41 percent becoming overweight or fat;

    ●nondrinkers gaining more weight over time, 9 pounds on average;

    ●   75   gaining about three pounds on average;

    ●compared with nondrinkers, women who consumed one or two alcohol drinks a day almost 30 percent    76   to become fat;

    ●women being    77   men in metabolism

    Ⅳ. 78   fact

    Mild drinking may    79   to better heart health, but it also increases breast cancer risk.

    Ⅴ. Suggestion and conclusion

    ●Women should not rush to drink alcohol to lose weight.

    ●For women with weight problems, alcoholic drinks are probably not the 80 of extra calories.

     

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    科目：高中英语 来源：2010年三峡高中高二下学期期末考试英语卷 题型：单项填空

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    A．reservation

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