【题目】 Ever wonder how this season’s celebrations affect the environment? Guest blogger Krista Fairles takes an amusing look at this very topic:
The holidays are a wonderful, cheerful time when most people wait for Santa to bring them presents. But I’m not like most people. I spend my time wondering just what the environmental impacts of Santa Claus and his reindeer are, and more importantly, how I can calculate those impacts.
Lately I’ve been particularly curious as to whether Santa’s old sled is a clean green flying machine, or if he should be replacing his 8 reindeer with an environmentally-friendly car.
I should mention that, surprisingly, I was unable to find statistics specific to Santa’s magical flying reindeer, so these calculations use numbers from various sources and may not represent actual pollution caused by Santa and his animals. In other words, don’t complain to the government about the damage Santa is causing to the environment based on this article.
Santa’s yearly trip around the globe is 44,000km long, twice the average of a North American driver. If we assume that the magic provides the altitude for this trip, then reindeer power only needs to push Santa’s sled forward. To complete the trip in 12 hours, I estimate they must travel at a speed of about 3100km/h. To travel at this speed, for this length of time, the reindeer need to eat an incredible 980 million calories each!
So the next question is: how much food is in 980 million calories? Well, if they’re eating corn, they’d need to eat 16,500 lbs each - or 1.6 acres of food. Growing 12.8 acres of corn has its own implications for the environment that we’ll leave for another calculation.
We now need to consider that during the global trip the reindeer are “letting out” some of that corn in the form of methane (甲烷，沼气). A resting cow produces 110 kg of methane per year, so flying reindeer would each let out about 4.8 tons. With methane causing 20 times the global warming damage of CO2, and the altitude increasing that damage by 1000% that another 20 times, we can put Santa’s round-trip emissions at 15,488 tons. This is much more than the 100 tons an environmentally-friendly car would release on the same trip!
Bad Santa.
【1】Which aspect does the writer NOT mention in her analyses about reindeer’s influence on environment?
A.Distance covered.B.Money spent on food.
C.Tons of waste let out.D.Calories consumed.
【2】According to the passage, how many acres of corn would Santa need to feed 12 reindeer?
A.12.8.B.16.C.19.2.D.128.
【3】Which of the following words best describes the tone of the passage?
A.Humorous and concerned.B.Cheerful and friendly.
C.Academic and formal.D.Serious and boring.
【4】Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A.Santa, watch where you’re going!B.Let’s reduce waste on Christmas celebrations!
C.Santa Claus is coming to town!D.Is Santa driving clean and green?
【答案】
【1】B
【2】C
【3】A
【4】D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。假期是一个美妙的，令人愉快的时候，大多数人等待圣诞老人给他们带来礼物。但是Krista Fairles以一种有趣的方式看待这个话题，他通过一系列的数字列举来分析了圣诞老人乘坐他的驯鹿派发圣诞礼物会对环境造成破坏。
【1】细节理解题。根据第五段中Santa’s yearly trip around the globe is 44,000km long, twice the average of a North American driver.（圣诞老人每年的环球旅行长达4.4万公里，是北美司机平均里程的两倍）可知作者在分析驯鹿对环境的影响时，提到了距离覆盖方面，故排除A选项；根据第五段中To travel at this speed, for this length of time, the reindeer need to eat an incredible 980 million calories each!（要以这样的速度，在这么长的时间里，每只驯鹿需要吃下令人难以置信的9.8亿卡路里!）可知作者在分析驯鹿对环境的影响时，提到了卡路里消耗问题，故排除D选项；根据倒数第二段中A resting cow produces 110 kg of methane per year, so flying reindeer would each let out about 4.8 tons.（一头静止的奶牛每年产生110公斤的甲烷，所以会飞的驯鹿每年释放4.8吨甲烷）可知提到了成吨的废物被排除，故排除C选项。只有B项“花在食物上的钱”在文中没有提及。故选B。
【2】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中Well, if they’re eating corn, they’d need to eat 16,500 lbs each - or 1.6 acres of food.（如果他们吃玉米，每头麋鹿需要吃16500磅，也就是1.6英亩的食物）可知圣诞老人需要1.6*12=19.2英亩的玉米来喂养12只驯鹿。故选C。
【3】推理判断题。作者在第二至四段中用了幽默的语言指出了圣诞老人乘坐驯鹿派发圣诞礼物会对环境造成破坏，而根据第五段中To travel at this speed, for this length of time, the reindeer need to eat an incredible 980 million calories each! （要以这样的速度，在这么长的时间里，每只驯鹿需要吃下令人难以置信的9.8亿卡路里!），以及第七段中A resting cow produces 110 kg of methane per year, so flying reindeer would each let out about 4.8 tons.（一头静止的奶牛每年产生110公斤的甲烷，所以会飞的驯鹿每年释放4.8吨甲烷）列举的数字可以看出作者对此感到担忧。故选A。
【4】主旨大意题。根据第三段Lately I’ve been particularly curious as to whether Santa’s old sled is a clean green flying machine, or if he should be replacing his 8 reindeer with an environmentally-friendly car.（最近我特别好奇，圣诞老人的旧雪橇是干净的绿色飞行机器，还是应该把他的8只驯鹿换成一辆环保汽车）以及通读全文可知，作者分析了圣诞老人乘坐他的驯鹿派发圣诞礼物会对环境造成破坏，由此可知D项“圣诞老人的代步工具是环保的吗”作标题最恰当。故选D。
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：
【题目】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned a farm, that looked almost abandoned. Luckily, he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He exchanged the milk with other food. The cow was their only means of support. One day, the cow was eating grass while it began to rain heavily. While making efforts to run away, she falls over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make the living without the cow. In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant vegetable. Since the plants took a while to grow it, he started cutting down trees to sell them. Thought about his children’s clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came, he was already selling vegetables and cotton m the market where people met regular. Now it occurred him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
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【题目】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Mr. Black,
I’m Tim, the exchange student from China. I had been studying in your school for a year. I am deep moved by the kindness of people around. That I want to say first is that the teachers here are very friendly. They do what they can help me and encourage me to study hard. Whenever I ask for questions, they give satisfactory answers. Besides, my classmates offer me a lot of help, too. We get on well with each other and I have made quite a few good friend. At home, Walter’s parents take good care of me, treating me as if I am their own child.
I’m so grateful for all these people, with whom help I have been accustomed to American culture and gained a lot of knowledge.
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【题目】请仔细观察下面的图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
【写作内容】
1.用约30个单词概述图表中的现象；
2.造成这一现象的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法（原因不少于两点）；
3.提出你对这一问题的解决方法。
【写作要求】
1.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
2.不必写标题；
3.参考词汇：obesity rate 肥胖率 malnutrition rate 营养不良率 school-age children 学龄儿童
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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【题目】
Elon Musk, perhaps the world’s most famous businessman, has a habit of making statements that stretch the bounds of believability.
On July 16th, 2019, he introduced a new type of brain-machine interface (BMI), starting from the design of a “neural lace (神经织网)”, a net of thin electrodes (电极) that capture the information from the brain. However, the electrodes must be flexible, so that they do not damage brain tissue and will last for a long time. And to make the implantation (植入) of so many electrodes safe, painless and effective, the process has to be automated.
Mr. Musk’s team does indeed seem to have made progress towards these goals. Its presentation included videos of a robot that is best described as a sewing machine. This robot grabs “threads”, and shoots them deep into the brain through a hole. The firm has also designed a chip that can handle signals from as many as 3,072 electrodes.
With all these technological breakthroughs, the firm now hopes to help people overcome such illnesses as blindness and paralysis. They designed a small device that would sit behind someone’s ear, picking up signals from the implanted chip and passing them on as appropriate. In a few years, using a brain implant to control your devices may be as prevalent as wearing wireless earphones today. Finally, Musk predicts neural lace will allow humans to be combined with AI systems, thus enabling the species to survive.
Though, as this announcement shows, Mr. Musk does have a habit of presenting himself as the hero of the human race, the idea that some machines at least will come under the direct control of human brains seems possible to be carried out. The biggest barrier to this happening will probably not be writing the software needed to interpret brainwaves, but rather persuading people that the necessary surgery, whether by sewing machine or otherwise, is actually a good idea.
【1】We can learn from the first two paragraphs that _____.
A.electrodes should be flexible to extend life
B.Elon Musk constantly comes up with unexpected ideas
C.a neural lace is used to store information from the brain
D.electrodes are implanted by top surgeons for safety reasons
【2】What does the underlined word “prevalent” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Useful.B.Common.C.Professional.D.Appropriate.
【3】What is the hardest part of carrying out BMI?
A.Convincing people to accept the surgery.
B.Developing devices to perform the surgery.
C.Writing the software to interpret brainwaves.
D.Informing people of the success of the surgery.
【4】What is the best title of this passage?
A.The Neural Lace, A New Type of BMI.
B.Elon Musk, the Hero of Human Beings.
C.Artificial Intelligence, the Way to Survive.
D.A Brain Implant, A Step to Control Machines.
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【题目】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余
词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
After watching the program “Where Are We Going, Dad?”, I can't help think of my parents. There're also many unforgettable memory between us. One Sunday ten years later, my dad and I went camping. He prepared all the equipment and taught me how to put up a tent, that for a boy of seven wasn't easy. He guided me patient and thanked me for my work, making me to feel I was very helpful. That was what my pride and confidence came. As the program told us, parents play important role in the growth of children. I'm grateful to my parents for their devotion of accompanying me.
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【题目】选择填空（可变换形式，其中有两项是多余的）
【1】As we all know, lions and tiger ________________ the cat family.
【2】I ________________ enjoy gardening, but I don’t have time for it now.
【3】Don’t ________________ their conversation; they are discussing something important.
【4】________________ the damage to the forests, the environment here has been getting worse.
【5】If you eat fast food once a week or more, you may ________________ it.
【6】His heart attack may ________________his long time hard work day and night.
【7】He was crying out ________________ on the ground when the ambulance（救护车）arrived.
【8】I am sorry to know that you are having trouble in making friends. However, the situation is easy to change it you ________________.
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【题目】 Some caterpillars’ warning signals (信号) may have evolved (进化) from walking. A team, writing in the journal Nature Communications, reported that the hair-like structures the living things use to make sounds evolved from legs.
The team studied caterpillars which use these structures to communicate their ownership of leaves. This means the caterpillars are able to “tell” strangers to go away without risking injury in fighting. “These are really interesting caterpillars,” said Dr. Jayne Yack from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, who led the research. “They make signals using hair-like structures which are on their back ends.”
The caterpillars drag these structures across the leaf to make scraping (刺耳的) sounds when strangers enter the area of their leaves. “When they make this signal, the strangers leave,” explained Dr. Yack. “It’s like saying ‘I’m here, get out of here — I already own this leaf’.”
The scientists looked at other species (物种) within the same group of caterpillars and created their “family tree”. They used chemical markers (标记物) to work out the relationship between the animals, showing which in the group were the more ancient species and which species evolved more recently. “Those more ancient species actually don’t have these sound-producing structures. They have legs that they use to walk towards strangers,” said Dr. Yack. These more ancient species, she explained, walk towards strangers and try to fight against them. “They can kill each other in the fighting,” Dr. Yack added. She said that the evolution of the scraping show had allowed the caterpillars to solve their fighting without injury. “So our idea is that these signals actually avoid harm to both sides — they solve fighting in a more ‘friendly’ way.”
The study also provides a map of an evolutionary process that many other biologists are researching.
【1】What can we learn about caterpillars’ warning structures from the text?
A.They have the same use as hair.
B.They are found in caterpillars’ heads.
C.They are used to fight against strangers.
D.They may have evolved from caterpillars’ legs.
【2】According to the text, Dr. Yack’s team did NOT ________.
A.draw a family tree of caterpillars
B.create a map to show how caterpillars evolve
C.study species within the same group of caterpillars
D.make clear the relationship between different species of caterpillars
【3】What does the underlined word “They” in the fifth paragraph refer to?
A.The ancient species.B.The chemical markers.
C.The sound-producing structures.D.The more recently evolved species.
【4】What is the main idea of the text?
A.How caterpillars evolved.
B.How caterpillars warn strangers.
C.Communication between caterpillars.
D.Caterpillars’ warning signals evolved from walking.
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【题目】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有
10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（ 
），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Today while walking past the train station, I notice two young men carrying some huge bag. They were consulting a map and seemed confused, so I asked them who they were looking for. They were looking for an address that wasn't easy to find it, and it happened to being the same way l was going. However, I helped them with one of the bags and walked with them until we found the rightly house. We had nice talk and l was told that they had come all the way from French. They were very grateful for me, and I felt very happy.
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