Question

【题目】Research shows that humans switch from selfish to unselfish behavior when they are watched. Do you?

A picture of a set of eyes on a computer screen can cause a change in the way people act. Even images of eyes on a charity do-nation, a collection box encourages people to be unselfish, because people put more money in a collection box that has a picture of eyes on it than they do when a flower symbol is on the box.

Manfred Milinski from the Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Germany and Bettina Rockenbach of the University of Berlin, the authors of a new study, found that people act better when they are being watched be-cause they feel they will be rewarded for good behavior. Their report also referred to other research showing that this response of behaving well when watched is somehow coded into humans and people respond this way unconsciously, or without realizing it.

It is not just humans that act unselfishly when they are being watched. A fish called the grooming fish cleans other fish. When other fish are around, it is gentler. When no other fish are around, however, the grooming fish bites chunks from the fish it is supposed to be cleaning.

The researchers suggest that the best way to get people to be-have in the correct way is to make them feel watched. This could be the reason for the success of a famous American army poster. On it was a icture of an elderly man staring fiercely and pointing, it appeared, to the person who was looking at the poster. Under the picture was the caption " I Want You. " It encouraged hundreds of thou-sands of young American men to join the army during the Second World War to fight the Germans and Japanese.

【1】 According to the report, why does a person behave better when he feels he is being watched?

A. He does not want to be shamed by others.

B. He needs to show he is a good person.

C. He desires others to like him more.

D. He feels he will receive some social reward.

【2】 The underlined word "coded” (Paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to _________.

A. hidden B. programmed

C. forgotten D. leaned

【3】 What is the text mainly about?

A. It describes changed behavior when observed.

B. It details ways to control people's behavior.

C. It tells how to make people work harder.

D. It discusses different advertising methods.

【4】 According to the text, which of the following statements is true?

A. People pretend to behave better when they are watched.

B. Fish bite other fish in a fish tank when they are alone.

C. People donate more money when they feel they are watched.

D. Soldiers fought better during World War II because of a poster.

【5】 Where would the study described in the text most likely be found?

A. In a newspaper. B. In a scientific journal.

C. In an advertising magazine. D. In a science textbook.

Answer 1

【答案】【1】D

【2】B

【3】A

【4】C

【5】B

【解析】【1】 推理判断题。由原文第三段首句可知答案。

【2】 猜测词义题。由文中“人们的反应是下意识的、本能的”可知，这种反应是人本身程序化的，潜在的功能。hidden意为“隐藏的，埋藏的”，可指实物或感情。C、D不合题意。

【3】 主旨大意题。第一段首句概括全文，人们感觉被注视时行为由自私转化为无私。下文a glooming fish的行为也一样，当周围有同类时，它们的行为也gentler。

【4】 细节理解题。由第三段末句可知A错误，人们的反应是下意识的，并非假装的。第四段并未提到a fish tank(鱼缸）排除 B。末段最后一句" It encouraged hundreds of thou-sands of young American men to join the array " 可知，是激励“参军”而并非英勇作战。

【5】 推理判断题。由首段" Research shows that. . . " 可知“研究”与科学有关，文中有故事叙述，可知并非科学教科书，应为科学期刊。