Question

阅读理解 　　From the coldest arctic ice to the hottest deserts you will find mammals living and thriving(兴旺)．There seems to be no climate that they can't adapt to, however changeable it may be．Why can mammals adapt to so many different habitats? There is a good reason for this－mammals have the ability to keep their body at a constant temperature whatever the weather．They are “warm-blooded”． 　　Mammals achieve this by chemically “burning” their food as fuel inside their bodies．This is kept under tight control by a region of the brain that acts like a thermostat(恒温器), and this makes sure that the mammal's body temperature stays about the same． 　　A constant body temperature is a great advantage for mammals because all the chemical processes that go on inside a living body are likely to happen more slowly at low temperatures and faster at higher temperatures．Mammals can regulate their temperature at the best condition for all these processes, allowing them to be active at very cold or very hot periods and to keep up tiring activity for a long time．Animals such as lizards(蜥蜴)rely on moving in and out of the warm sunlight to regulate their body temperature．They slow down when they can't warm up and may die if they can't get away from heat．They also tend to overheat quickly when they are active as their muscles produce warmth． 　　Using food energy to keep body temperature constant is expensive, and since mammals need to be efficient at keeping the warmth they create inside themselves, they often have fur and a cover of fat under their skin to prevent heat from escaping．To help lose heat when they are too hot, they have sweat glands(汗腺)that take the heat away from the skin through evaporating(蒸发)water．This means, though, that they need to drink more than other animals． (1) Mammals can adapt to so many habitats because ________． [　　] A． the climate is unchangeable B． they can regulate their body temperature C． they are “warm-blooded” D． their muscles produce warmth (2) When mammals keep their body at a constant temperature, ________． [　　] A． the chemical processes happen more slowly in their bodies B． the chemical processes happen faster in their bodies C． they will use less fuel inside their bodies D． they can live an active life (3) We can infer from the last paragraph that mammals ________． [　　] A． need to drink more than other animals B． have different ways of keeping their body temperature C． often have fur and fat to prevent heat from escaping D． have sweat glands that take the heat away from the skin (4) The writer answers the question raised in the first paragraph with ________． [　　] A． stories and explanation B． examples and conclusion C． evidence and argument D． explanation and comparison

Answer 1

答案：1．C;2．D;3．B;4．D;
解析：

(1)	细节题。根据第一段“…mammals have the ability to keep their body at a constant temperature…They are ‘warm-blooded’”可知真正的原因是它们是温血动物，而不是因为气候是不变的；它们能有系统地管理自己的体温或它们的肌肉能产生热能。
(2)	细节题。根据第三段“…allowing them to be active at very cold or very hot periods”可知保持恒温能让动物过一种积极的生活。而不是“化学过程在体内运行得慢”,或“化学过程在体内运行得快”或“在体内使用较少的热量”。
(3)	推理判断题。根据最后一段可知动物使身体保持恒温状态有许多种方法，如使用食物能量、利用皮毛脂肪、汗腺等。应选择B项。A项“需要比其他的动物多喝水”，C项“经常使用皮毛和脂肪防止热量消失”只是一部分动物，D项“使用汗腺让热量从皮肤挥发”也只是一部分动物。
(4)	[解析]归纳判断题。作者在第一段中提出问题，然后紧接着解释，最后通过比较法说明不同的动物有不同的方法来保持恒温，因此可判断本文是采用“解释和比较法”来组织材料的。不是“故事和解释法”，“句子和结论法”或“证据和结论法”。本题稍难。 　　[文章大意]无论是严寒的冬季还是酷热的夏天哺乳动物都能很好适应天气的变化，这是因为它们能像人一样能很好地调节体温，使身体始终处于恒温状态，本文就此做了简单说明并介绍了动物的各种“保温”办法。