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  Frederic Mishkin, who's been a professor at Columbia Business School for almost 30 years, is good at solving problems and expressing ideas.Whether he's standing in front of a lecture hall or engaged in a casual conversation, his hands are always waving and pointing.When he was in graduate school, one of his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing that he made the young economist sit on his hands whenever he visited the professor's office.

  It turns out, however, that Mishkin's professor had it exactly wrong.Gesture doesn't prevent but promotes clear thought and speech.Research demonstrates that the movements we make with our hands when we talk form a kind of second language, adding information that's absent from our words.It's learning's secret code:Gesture reveals what we know.It reveals what we don't know.What's more, the agreement(or lack of agreement)between what our voices say and how our hands move offers a clue to our readiness to learn.

  Manyof the studies establishing the importance of gesture to learning have been conducted by Susan Goldin-Meadow, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago."We change our minds by moving our hands," writes Goldin-Meadow in a review of this work.Particularly significant are what she calls "mismatches" between oral expression and physical gestures.A student might say that a heavier ball falls faster than a light one, for example, but make a gesture indicating that they fall at the same rate, which is correct.Such differences indicate that we're moving from one level of understanding to another.The thoughts expressed by hand motions are often our newest and most advanced ideas about the problem we're working on; we can't yet absorb these concepts into language, but we can capture them in movement.

  Goldin-Meadow's more recent work strews not only that gesture shows our readiness to learn, but that it actually helps to bring learning about.It does so in two ways.First, it elicits(引出)helpful behavior from others around us.Goldin-Meadow has found that adults respond to children's speech-gesture mismatches by adjusting their way of instruction.Parents and teachers apparently receive the signal that children are ready to learn, and they act on it by offering a greater variety of problem-solving techniques.The act of gesturing itself also seems to quicken learning, bringing new knowledge into consciousness and aiding the understanding of new concepts.A 2007 study by Susan Wagner Cook, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Iowa, reported that third-graders who were asked to gesture while learning algebra(代数)were nearly three times more likely to remember what they'd learned than classmates who did not gesture.

(1)

According to Paragraph 1, Frederic Mishkin was asked to sit on his hands because ________.

[  ]

A.

he could litter express his ideas that way

B.

he always pointed his finger at his professor

C.

his professor did not like his gesturing

D.

his gestures prevented his professor from thinking

(2)

How is gesturing important in acquiring knowledge?

[  ]

A.

It draws tasteful responses from others and increases learning speed.

B.

It promotes second language learning and quickens thinking.

C.

It provides significant clues for solving academic problems.

D.

It reduces students' reliance on teachers' instruction.

(3)

What can be inferred from the passage about gesture-speech mismatches?

[  ]

A.

They can stimulate our creativity.

B.

Instructors should make full use of them.

C.

Teachers can hardly explain new concepts without them.

D.

They serve as a stepping stone to solving real life problems.

(4)

What could be the best title of the passage?

[  ]

A.

Hand Motions, a Second Language

B.

Gesturing:Signal of Understanding

C.

New Uses of Gesturing

D.

The Secret Code of Learning

答案:1.C;2.A;3.B;4.D;
解析:

(1)

考查判断推理。根据When he was in graduate school, one of his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing中的annoyed可知C正确。

(2)

考查判断推理。根据it elicits(引出)helpful behavior from others around us.和he act of gesturing itself also seems to quicken learning, bringing new knowledge into consciousness and aiding the understanding of new concepts.可推知A正确。

(3)

考查判断推理。根据文章的最后一段可知。

(4)

考查文章的标题。根据文章的第二段可知文章的主题是The Secret Code of Learning。


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科目:高中英语 来源:2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试、英语(江西卷) 题型:050

阅读理解

  Modcm inventions have speeded up people's lives amazingly.Motor-cars cover a bundred miles in little more than an hour.Aireraft cross the world a day, while computers operate at lightning speed.Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending.Every ycar motor-cars are produced which go even faster each new computer boasts(吹嘘)of saving preeious seconds in handling tasks.

  All this saves timc, but at a prick.When we lose or gain half a day in speeding aeross the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so.We get the uncomfoerable feeling known as jet-lag; our bodies feel tlru they have been left bebind in anot ar nine zoors Again pending too long at compulers resul's in painti ninrts and fingers.Mobile phones also to dange according to some seientists; too much uss may thesmit h bul radiation into our brains, a we do not like to think about.

  Howave, what do we do with the time we have saved?Certainly not or so it seems.We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing, or even just one thing at a time.Pcrhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imavination take us into another world.

  There was a time when some people's lives were devotcd simply to the cultivation of the land or the eare of eattle.No multi-tasking there; their lives wenl on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern.There is much that we might envy about a way of life like this.Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faeed;:they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone.Modem machinery has freed peope fre that primitive existcnee.

(1)

The new rooucts opcome more and more time-saving beeause.

[  ]

A.

our lose e u speed uts never-ending

B.

mo is liwhcd

C.

shi pnces are increasingly high

D.

the manufacturers boast a lot

(2)

What does“the days”in Paragraph 3 refer to?

[  ]

A.

I maginary life

B.

Simple life in the past

C.

Times of inventions

D.

Time for constant activity

(3)

What is the author's attitude towards the modem teehnology?

[  ]

A.

Critical

B.

Objective

C.

Optimistic

D.

Negative

(4)

What does the pa mge mainly diseuss?

[  ]

A.

The present and pad times

B.

Machin and human beings

C.

Imaginations and inventions

D.

Modem teehnology and its influenec

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