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     Encouraging pupils to keep noise to a minimum should be a valuable component of all children's
education, according to new research.
    Dr. Helen Lees, from Stirling University's school of education, says that "enforced(强制的)silence
" is seen as a punishment and often acts to suppress children's natural ability. But she says that teaching
children about the benefits of "enforced silence",--- deliberate stillness that gives them the opportunity
to focus and reflect in a stress-free environment--- can have a significant effect on pupils' concentration
and behavior.
    It is the latest in a string of researches to establish a link between the classroom environment and
pupils' academic ability.
    A study almost a decade ago in London found that children's exam results were cut by as much as
a third if they were taught in noisy classrooms. Teaching unions have also called for a limit of 26℃ to
be put on classroom temperatures because teachers and pupils struggle to work in hot conditions, and
some educationalists claim that too much clutter(杂乱的东西)on classroom walls can prevent children
from concentrating.
    Dr. Lees said, "When we take some research on school settings and put it all together, what we see
is that education without silence does not make much sense. In areas of better learning outcomes, better
self- confidence and well-being measures, enforced silence in a person's life and an individual's
education is shown throughout the relevant research to be a benefit."
    Dozens of schools across Britain have already introduced periods of "reflective silence" into the
timetable.
    Kevin Hogston, head of Sheringdale Primary, south London, has just introduced a minute's silence
at the start of twice-weekly meetings in which children are taught breathing techniques and encouraged
to reflect. The school plans to introduce it into classrooms every day.

1. According to Dr. Helen Lees, "enforced silence"_____.

A. is an effective way of punishment    
B. does not make much sense in class
C. can improve pupils' confidence      
D. makes pupils more creative

2. The underlined word, "suppress", in the second paragraph probably means "_________".

A. prevent        
B. improve          
C. apply                
D. reveal

3. What can be inferred from the research on school settings?  

A. Students are more active if taught in noisy classrooms.
B. Silence makes a great difference to pupils.
C. Clutter on the walls can help students concentrate.
D. Most schools are not satisfactory in terms of classroom temperatures.

4. What would be the best title for the text?

A. Arranging classroom settings benefits studies    
B. Achieving silence is beneficial for people
C. Using enforced silence is effective punishment        
D. Keeping quiet in class improves academic performance

Answer 1

1-4: CABD