The sound of a mosquito can mean trouble in many parts of the world. The bite of the mosquito can be deadly. The insects carry serious diseases like malaria (疟疾). It is estimated that almost 630,000 people died from malaria and malariarelated causes in 2012, and most of these cases were in African countries.
In the United States, a group of California scientists are working to develop a more effective and less costly substance (物质) to protect people from mosquitoes. The researchers are investigating the sense of smell in mosquitoes. They found the insects use the same receptor for identifying carbon dioxide in human breath as they do for the smell of our skin. Anandasankar Ray, who is leading the investigation, says scientists tested more than a million chemical compounds (化合物) until they found a substance called Ethyl Pyruvate. He says Ethyl Pyruvate makes the mosquitoes' receptors inactive. “When we apply Ethyl Pyruvate to a human arm and offer it to hungry mosquitoes in a cage, very few of the mosquitoes are attracted to the human arm because only a few of them are able to smell it out,” said Ray.
Genevieve Tauxe, a member of the research team, says it was not easy to find the neurons (神经元) of noble cells that recognize both the smell of human breath and skin. “With the device used to examine the mosquito, we are able to insert a very small electrode (电极) into the part of the mosquito's nose, where its smelling neurons are and where the smell is happening,” said Tauxe.
Anandasankar Ray says a product based on Ethyl Pyruvate may cost less to produce than DEFT, the most effective chemical treatment now in use. He says DEFT is too costly for most people who live in areas affected by malaria.
“Perhaps by finding smells that can attack other target receptors, we will be able to improve upon DEFT and finally have the next generation of insect behaviour control products,” said Ray.
1.The underlined word in the second paragraph probably means ________.
A. a substance that protects people from mosquitoes
B. a piece of equipment that sends signals
C. a device that reacts to light
D. a sense organ that reacts to changes
2.According to the passage, Ethyl Pyruvate can ________.
A. kill the mosquitoes' smelling neurons
B. cause the mosquitoes to lose their senses of smell
C. result in the inactiveness of the mosquitoes' receptors
D. make the mosquitoes uninterested in human breath and skin smell
3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Ethyl Pyruvate—an Insect Behaviour Control Product
B. Malaria—a Serious Disease Causing 630,000 Deaths
C. Scientists Find a New Substance to Fight Mosquitoes
D. A New Generation of DEET Has Been Developed to Kill Mosquitoes
4.This passage most probably appears in ________.
A. a textbook of medical schools
B. a collection of doctors' essays
C. the column of newspaper ads
D. the health column of a magazine
同步练习强化拓展系列答案科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年江西南昌二中高二上第三次月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
During a recent Senior Three English lesson, the teacher caught Xiao Di, 1. female student, busily typing messages on her cell-phone. To the teacher’s surprise, Xiao Di wasn’t just texting her friends the latest small talk. She was 2. (actual) blogging about what was being taught in the classroom, sharing her opinions about the information and material 3. her classmates.
The case caused a heated 4. (discuss) among teachers and students city-wide. Miss Li, an English teacher from another nearby school said, “I am amazed at how 5. (create)the students can be when writing on their blogs. To me it’s a great way for students to improve their writing skills while writing about personal feelings and 6. (experience).” 7. other teachers are worried that blog-addiction may disturb their students’ study.
A supporter and classmate of Xiao Di said, “We love her blog! We all read it each day and can’t wait to see 8. she writes about next. Her interesting stories and great suggestions on study really help to encourage us. And it adds a little fun to our stressful life.” Another student blogger admitted that he often works late into the night, writing his blog and responding to comments 9. (post) there. He said, “Sometimes I don’t even have time to finish my homework. I can’t help myself. I really have a lot 10. (say). ”
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年湖北五校高二上学期期中联考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
With the development of science and technology, new inventions, especially new electronic products, have made people’s lives easy and convenient. But as the saying puts: A coin has two sides.
One day, I was walking in the park with a friend and his cell phone rang, interrupting our conversation. There we were, walking and talking on a beautiful sunny day and…I became invisible, absent from the conversation.
The telephone used to connect you to the absent. Now it makes people sitting next to you feel absent. Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? Every advance in communications technology is a tragedy to the closeness of human interaction. With email and instant messaging over the Internet, we can now communicate without seeing or talking to one another. With voice mail, you can conduct entire conversations without ever reaching anyone. If my mom has a question, I just leave the answer on her machine.
As almost every contact we can imagine between human beings gets automated, the alienation(疏远) index goes up. You can't even call a person to get the phone number of another person any more. Directory assistance is almost always fully automated.
Pumping petrol at the station? Why say good morning to the attendant when you can swipe(刷)your credit card at the pump and save yourself the bother of human contact?
Making a deposit at the bank? Why talk to a teller who might live in the neighborhood when you can just insert your card into ATM?
Pretty soon you won’t have the burden of making eye contact at the grocery shop. Some supermarket chains are using a self-scanner so you can check yourself out, avoiding those check-out people who look at you and ask how you are doing.
I am not against modern technology. I own a cell phone, an ATM card, a voice mail system, and an email account. Giving them up isn't wise…they're a great help to us. It's some of their possible consequences that make me feel uneasy.
More and more, I find myself hiding behind e-mail to do a job meant for conversation. Or being relieved that voice mail picked up a call because I didn't really have time to talk. The communications industry devoted to helping me keep in touch is making me lonelier.
So I've put myself on technology restriction: no instant messaging, with people who live near me，no cell phoning in the presence of friends, no letting the voice mail pick up when I'm at home.
1.Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?
A. The Advance of Communications Technology
B. The Consequences of Modern Technology
C. The Process of Communications Revolution
D. The Automation of Modern Communications
2. Paragraphs 5 to 7 are listed as examples, which show that the use of modern communications is ___________.
A. encouraging B. disappointing
C. satisfying D. embarrassing
3.The passage implies that _______________.
A. modern technology is bridging the people
B. modern technology is separating the people
C. modern technology is developing too rapidly
D. modern technology is interrupting our lives
4. What does the writer think to do with the modern technology?
A. We may use them no matter what others are doing.
B. We can throw them away and return to the ancient.
C. We can be far away from them forever.
D. We can use them less and communicate with the people around us.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年湖南常德石门第一中学高一上期中英语试卷（解析版） 题型：书面表达
书面表达
下面是一个中学生给某报编辑部写的一封信，仔细阅读并就信的内容以编辑的名义给此中学生回一封信。
Dear Editor,
I am an active girl, and I speak and laugh loudly in the classroom like a boy. I don't care about small matters. On the contrary, my neighbor, the girl who sits next to me, speaks quietly and dare not do the things I often do. I can understand this.
What I can't stand is that she often gets angry with me about small things. How can I get along with her?
Yours sincerely,
Sunny
注意：
1．回信给出至少三条建议(如谈心，参加生日等活动，谈论共同话题，分享快乐等)；
2．词数：100左右, 信的开头、结尾已给出，不计人总词数。
Dear Sunny，
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Good luck to you．
Yours，
Editor Tape
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届重庆第一中学高三12月月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society” is not on the horizon---it’s already here.
While computer offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how far they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customer for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.
Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
1. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ___________.
A. in the future all the Americans will use credit cads
B. credit cards are mainly used in the United States today
C. nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash
D. it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before
2. If computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, what will businessmen do?
A. They will fire some employees and raise the work efficiency.
B. They will arrange for different employees to do different jobs according to their abilities and performance.
C. They will assign more work for the employees to do.
D. They will allow the personnel to do whatever work they want to do.
3. What does the underlined phrase “ring up sales” in paragraph two mean?
A. make an order of goods.
B. record sales on a cash register.
C. call the sales manager.
D. keep track of the goods in stock.
4. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Approaches to the commercial use of computers.
B. Advantages of credit cards in business.
C. Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.
D. Conveniences brought about by computers in business.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年黑龙江牡丹江一中高一上期末英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head，according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.
Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said：“Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said, “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus, our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see—and guide whether we see fear.”
To further understand this relationship，the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.
“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear,”Dr Garfinkel said.
“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders，and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”
1.What is the finding of the study? ________.
A. Fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat.
B. One's heart affects how he feels fear.
C. Fear has something to do with one's health.
D. One's fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.
2.The study was carried out by analyzing ________.
A. volunteers' heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures
B. the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions
C. volunteers' reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans
D. different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart－brain communication
3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?
A. order B. treatment C. machine D. system
4.This study may contribute to ________．
A. treating anxiety and stress better
B. explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety
C. finding the key to the heart－brain communication
D. understanding different fears in our hearts and heads
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届黑龙江牡丹江第一高级中学高三上期中英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Fascinated with images from the Mars Rover? It turns out you don’t have to go to space. The following spots may look like they are on another planet, but they are right here on earth.
* Socotra Island, Indian Ocean
The largest of the four-island Socotra Archipelago, the island has about 250 species of plants that are not found anywhere else in the world. This includes the canopy-topped dragon’s blood tree, which has blood-red resin(树脂）that runs down if the trunk is cut deep. It can grow to 10 feet with a bulbous(球根的）trunk that swells with water absorbed in case of dry weather.
See it for yourself: There are regular flights from the Yemen capital of Sanaa on(Felix Airways) ($ 180 each way)
* Vermilion Cliffs National Monument, Arizona
This wilderness in Northern Arizona/southern Utah is home to some of the most striking landscapes in the American Southwest. The nearly 300,000-acre site is known for its abundance of colorful shale（页岩）and Navajo sandstone that has been eroded(侵蚀）by the elements to create cliffs that rise as high as 3,000 feet. In the northwest of the park is the Coyote Buttes, where you’ll find The Wave, a wall of red sandstone that twists and turns in a way that just doesn’t look natural ---but is.
See it for yourself: Permits are required to hike in Vermilion Cliffs. Paria Canyon and Buckskin Gulch permits are available at on-site pay stations or in advance ($5 per person).
*Perito Moreno Glacier, Argentina
The huge size of the Perito Moreno Glacier is unbelievable---it is more than 50 miles in length and 500 feet deep. The terminus(终点）of the glacier is Lago Argetino, where a 50-foot blue-hued ice wall rises from the lake. The Perito Moreno is also one of the only glaciers left on earth that is still growing.
See it for yourself: Many tour companies offer day trips to Perito Moreno from El Calafte. Viator’s full-day tour includes transportation from a local hotel and a guided tour for $ 106 per person.
1.Which is true about the canopy-topped dragon’s blood tree?
A. It grows where there is little rain.
B. It has blood-red skin.
C. It is shaped like a dragon.
D. It stores water for dry season.
2.What do we know about The Wave?
A. It is created in a natural way.
B. It is created by waves.
C. It is as high as 3,000 feet.
D. It looks quite natural.
3.How much does a couple pay for a trip to Perito Moreno Glacier, Argentina?
A. $106 B.$ 212 C.$ 360 D. $ 420
4.Where does the text probably come from?
A. A geography book. B. A tourist guidebook.
C. A news report. D. A TV program.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年黑龙江鹤岗第一中学高二上期末英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Jacob’s Pillow Dance Festival
Where: Becket, Massachusetts
When: Jun.15---Aug.24
Each summer, this influential dance center presents a number of classes and performances by more than 50 companies from around the world. Highlights in this season include the Dance Theater of Harlem’s production of Alvin Ailey’s “The Lark Ascending”, which opens the festival.
Many events are free. Ticketed performances start at $22. Jacobspillow.org.
Moab Music Festival
Where: Moab, Utah
When: Aug.29---Sept.9
This area is better known for mountain biking than for music . But since 1992, it has hosted a private festival that brings classical, jazz, Latin and other types of music to the land. This year there will be 16 concerts, including three “Grotto Concerts”, where guests take a 45-minute boat ride down the Colorado River to performances.
Events start at $25. Moabmusicfest.org.
Cheyenne Frontier Days
Where: Cheyenne, Wyoming
When: July19---28
There is something for everyone at this 117-year-old festival, from an “Indian village” and Old West museum to country concerts. But the competition is still the main attraction, with cowboys and cowgirls competing for major money in the world’s largest outdoor stage.
Competition tickets start at $18, and concert tickets at $23. Cfdrodeo.com.
The Glimmerglass Festival
Where: Cooperstown, New York
When: July6---Aug.24
Each summer, opera lovers from around the country (and the world) travel to upstate New York to watch productions that include stars like Nathan Gunn and Ginger Costa-Jackson. This year’s performances include Wagner’s “The Flying Dutchman” and Verdi’s “King for a Day”, in honor of the 200th birthdays of both composers.
Tickets start at $26. Glimmerglass.org.
1.If you want to enjoy a “Grotto Concert”, which date suits you best?
A. September 4. B. July 19.
C. August 24. D. June 15.
2.If you go to Cheyenne to watch a competition and enjoy a concert, how much will you pay at least?
A. $18. B. $41. C. $360 D. $22.
3.If you are a big fan of Wagner, you’re advised to go to ____________.
A. Jacob’s Pillow Dance Festival
B. Moab Music Festival
C. Cheyenne Frontier Days
D. The Glimmerglass Festival
4.Which part of a website is the text probably chosen from?
A. Education. B. Literature.
C. Business. D. Art.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年河北正定中学高二上第二次月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
阅读理解
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
He is only 12 years old but Utkarsh Tripathi brings out a handwritten newspaper every week on matters like the environment. He does all this to satisfy his wish to “serve the country”. A Class 8 student of the Brij Bihari Sahai Inter College in Allahabad, Utkarsh has been bringing out the newspaper Jagriti for the last one year. And for the four-page, black-and-white newspaper, Utkarsh not only takes the role of a reporter, editor and publisher, but also gives it free of charge.
Jagriti has about 150 readers belonging to various age groups in Allahabad, some 200 km from the state capital Lucknow. “Children make up major Jagriti readers ... my school friends, my seniors in school, teachers and also my neighbours,” he said.
According to Utkarsh’s father Hari Prasad, who runs a coaching institute, his son has a gift for writing and wants to serve the country in some way.
“More than two years ago, he began to read articles in Hindi Daily. One day he said that he wanted to start serving society from his school life itself. I then suggested why not work like a journalist and make people know their rights,” he added. Utkarsh took the suggestion seriously and came up with Jagriti. “I try to cover social issues about environment, women foeticide and others in the editorial section, and also information about public welfare plans and important government policies for the betterment of the poor or children.” Utkarsh said.
Jagriti also has successful stories of scientists, political leaders and other outstanding people.But how does he get time from his studies to bring out a weekly newspaper? “I believe if anyone is passionate about something, he or she can take out some time to realize his dream.” Utkarsh replied.
Utkarsh’s efforts are much appreciated by people in Allahabad. Nutan Devi, a local journalist, said, “For me it’s real journalism …It has renewed the objective (宗旨) of journalism that seems to have now got lost somewhere.”
1. According to the text, Utkarsh Tripathi _____.
A. made the first newspaper about two years ago
B. is learning journalism at a college in Allahabad
C. wants to contribute to society
D. lives in Allahabad, the state capital
2. Who are most likely to be interested in Jagriti?
A. Adults, especially the elderly.
B. Local journalists.
C. Children, especially Utkarsh’s schoolmates.
D. Women around Utkarsh.
3. What is the role of the last paragraph?
A. To prove Utkarsh does a good job.
B. To tell us what true journalism is.
C. To encourage us to follow Utkarsh’s example.
D. To show the different opinions on what Utkarsh does.
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