【题目】根据短文理解,选择正确答案。
Soaping up your hands may do more than just get rid of germs. It may wash away the inner confusion you feel right after being forced to make a choice between two appealing choices, according to a new study. The study builds on the past research into a phenomenon known as “the Macbeth effect” (麦克白效应).
It turns out that Shakespeare was really onto something when he imagined Lady Macbeth trying to clean her conscience by rubbing invisible bloodstains from her hands.
A few years ago, scientists asked people to describe a past wrong act. If people were then given a chance to clean their hands, they later expressed less guilt than people who hadn't cleaned.
This finding interested W. S. Lee, a researcher. “Anything from the past, any kind of negative emotional experiences, might be washed away,” says Lee.
He decided to test hand washing's effect on one kind of bad feeling:the tension we feel after being forced to choose between two attractive choices, because picking one choice makes us feel that we've lost the other. People usually try to calm this inner conflict by later exaggerating (夸大)the positive aspects of their choice.
He had students rank 10 different music CDs. Then he offered students two of the CDs and told them to select one as a gift. Some students then used liquid soap. Others only looked at the soap or sniffed (闻)it. “Actually, you do not need water and soap,” says Lee.
Later, the students again had to rank all the music CDs. People who didn't wash their hands had the normal response — they scored their take-home CD higher, suggesting that they now saw it as an even more attractive one than before. But this wasn't true for the hand washers. They ranked the music about the same. “They feel no need at all to justify (证明…正确)the choice,” says Lee.
But the effects of it just aren't clear. Schwarz says it's too soon to know whether people should head for a sink after making a tough choice. He says washing may help decision-makers by cleaning away mental disorder. But perhaps if they don't go through the usual post-decision process of justifying their choice, they might feel more sorrow in the long run.
(1)“The Macbeth effect” refers to the fact that ______.
A.Lady Macbeth had a habit of washing hands
B.people feel less ashamed after washing their hands
C.Macbeth knew about the importance of cleaning hands
D.Shakespeare used to wash his hands before writing Macbeth
(2)In Lee's experiment, those who didn't wash their hands after making a choice ________.
A.valued their choice more than before
B.felt regretful about their choice
C.wished they had washed their hands
D.didn't care about their choice
(3)According to Lee, those hand washers consider justifying their choice ________.
A.scientific
B.useful
C.unnecessary
D.convincing
(4)What does the author intend to tell us in the passage?
A.Washing hands is a habit in our daily life.
B.Washing hands is to keep hands clean.
C.Washing hands will help you make a better choice.
D.Washing hands can reduce the stress of decision.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)C
(4)D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了洗手的其他作用---麦克白效应,即通过洗手洗净以前的羞愧,减轻内心的不安和抉择时的压力和犹豫。
⑴ 考查推理判断。根据文章内容可知,麦克白效应指的是通过洗手洗净以前的羞愧,减轻内心的不安和犹豫。故选B。
⑵考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的”People who didn't wash their hands had the normal response — they scored their take-home CD higher, suggesting that they now saw it as an even more attractive one than before.“可知,测试中没洗手的人会更珍惜自己以前的选择,故选A。
⑶考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的”But this wasn't true for the hand washers. They ranked the music about the same. ‘They feel no need at all to justify (证明…正确)the choice,’”可知,洗过手的人会认为没必要去证明他们选择的正确性,故选C。
⑷考查推理判断。作者写作目的是告诉我们洗手能帮助我们减轻抉择时的压力和犹豫,故选D。
科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:
【题目】根据短文理解,选择正确答案。
In the English language there are striking similarities to many of the characteristics present in Spanish, French, and German. So what are the things that make English so difficult for foreign people to learn?
English doesn't necessarily have more regular consonant(辅音) or vowel(元音) sounds than other languages, but how the stress is placed on some of those consonants or vowels makes it such a difficult language for learners. There are hard and soft consonants like “c” taking on a “k” sound or an “s” sound depending upon the situation. There are silent letters in some words and then some consonants that take on an entirely different sound ( like “th” ) when combined. The changes in the pronunciation of words make English much more difficult to learn.
Another thing that makes English difficult to learn has to do with verb tense. Some languages have very limited changes in verb tense, sometimes just present and past, which makes it relatively simple to grasp. English, on the other hand, is a bit more difficult in this area. For example, in different situations it may be proper to use any of the following tenses: present, past, future, past perfect or present perfect. The verb “choose” can be used in the following forms depending on tense: choose, chose or chosen. This can be very difficult for a foreigner to grasp.
Slang(俚语) is more widely used in American English than proper grammar. In the US just knowing the language as it's generally taught isn't enough. In every single region or even close neighborhoods, the same slang terms make an almost entirely different language. In some areas there are repeatedly used terms that wouldn't even be found in the Webster's Dictionary. They are created by locals and only locals understand them. This can make it very difficult for someone not familiar with the language to get used to it, especially if they don't remain in one area for a very long period.
(1)The purpose of this passage is to ________.
A.tell us how to deal with slang terms in English
B.encourage us to speak formal English
C.tell us why English is very difficult to learn
D.give advice on how to learn English well
(2)According to the passage, the letter “c” in English ________.
A.is often silent
B.has at least two sounds
C.never takes on an “s” sound
D.is always stressed
(3)Compared with other languages, ________.
A.English has very limited changes in verb tense
B.English has relatively simple verb tense to grasp
C.English has more forms of verbs according to the tense
D.English has three more verb tenses
(4)It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A.pronunciation is the most difficult thing in English learning
B.all the slang terms should be added to the Webster's Dictionary
C.if you want to learn English well you first should learn some slang terms
D.people may understand the local language after living in a place for years
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As you travel from area to area,a sea of contrasts is【2】makes it so fascinating.You can find an old fisherman on his bamboo boat【3】(answer) his mobile phone,and modernity and old traditions existing side by side.The only constant thing in China is “change”.
【4】first it might seem challenging.But you【5】(find)the people helpful,especially if you are traveling with children.Chinese love children,【6】more the happier.
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Whether simple or complex,there are many ways to remember a graduation from middle school and make this time a special and wonderful one.Graduation events are perfect for highlighting a student’s achievements during middle school and preparing for his or her future success.
【1】Which of the following can replace the underlined word“commemorate”in Paragraph 2?
A. pass B. ease
C. celebrate D. avoid
【2】How do students often get the gowns for middle school graduation?
A. They get them from the school.
B. They purchase them from stores.
C. They make them by themselves.
D. They borrow them from the Graduate Affairs.
【3】What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A. Sports games will be free for students.
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C. Students will exchange gifts at the celebration.
D. There are various ways to honor the graduation.
【4】What’s the author’s attitude to the celebration of middle school graduation?
A. Supportive. B. Doubtful.
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【题目】One factor _______ my weight gain was my love for cooking, especially rich, high-fat desserts, which I enjoyed preparing and of course, eating.
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【题目】Exposed soil isn’t part of nature’s master plan. Good examples where soil is naturally found with no plants growing in are beneath freshly removed trees, or where the ground has been burnt by a land fire. In these situations bare soil isn’t bare for long; within days seedlings (芽) begin to appear and cover the ground. In a few months’ time, the scar is hardly noticeable.
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【1】When will soil be left bare?
A. A land fire has just happened. B. A young tree is planted in.
C. No one ploughs the land. D. No crops are planted in.
【2】Which of the following prevents the bare soil from recovering?
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C. Removing weeds from pavements.
D. Replacing plants in sports fields.
【3】What can weeds do for the soil?
A. They create soil life.
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C. They get nutrients from the sun.
D. They break down fallen leaves.
【4】How can the soil remain fertile after trees move in?
A. By adding more weeds to the soil.
B. By taking out the weeds constantly.
C. By removing the previous bushes.
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【题目】假定你是李华,已报名参加纽约大学的暑假中美文化交流游学营(Study Tour Camp)。但是寄宿家庭主人突然生病,无法接待你。请给你已回美国的外教注Mr. Smith发一封电子邮件,告诉他所遇到的问题,请求他的帮助,并提出你的要求(至少两条)
注意:1. 词数100左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 参考词汇:寄宿家庭host family
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