Question

Radioactive(放射性的) pollution can be said to be the emission(排放) of radioactive substance into air, water or land due to human activities in the form of radioactive waste. Radioactive waste is usually the product of nuclear fission(核裂变), which is widely used in nuclear power stations and nuclear weapons.

The radioactivity of nuclear waste decreases with time. That means the waste needs to be separated from the reach of living beings until it no longer causes a threat to living beings. This time period may take from days to months and to years depending upon the radioactive nature of the waste.

Radioactive pollution that is spread through the earth’s atmosphere is called ‘fallout’. Nuclear pollution began to attract people’s attention during the World War II period when the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union started conducing nuclear tests. The best example of fallout is the nuclear bomb attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan in 1945 by the United States of America during World War II. As a result of the bomb attack, nearly 225,000 people died within 5 years of the attack due to the radiation effects and cancer.

In land and water, the major source of radioactive pollution remains with the nuclear fuel cycle(核燃料循环). The nuclear fuel cycle is used in nuclear power stations and extraction(提炼) of materials from nuclear substance, where the pollutants are left behind after the useful material has been extracted.

The effects of radioactive pollution were first reported in the early 20^th century when people working in uranium mines(铀矿井) suffered from skin burn and cancer. The effects vary from one individual to another. Exposed to radioactive radiations for a long time, living beings may suffer from the damage to the DNA cells, which results in cancer, genetic defects for the generations to come and even death.

In a word, since every coin has its two sides, it’s a good idea to prevent from its disadvantages while making full use of its advantages.

Title	Radioactive Pollution and Its Effects
1.    of radioactive pollution	* It is the emission of radioactive substance. * Its waste is the product of nuclear fission.
The decrease of the radioactivity	* It decreases as time 2.        by. * The waste needs to be 3.        from living beings until it no longer does 4.        to living beings. * The time period of the decrease5.        on the radioactive nature of the waste.
The 6.    of radioactive pollution	* In 1945, the nuclear bomb attack caused 225,000 7.       . * In the early 20th, the miners suffered from skin burn and cancer and the effects are 8.       . * A long 9.      to radioactive radiations can damage the DNA cells.
Conclusion	* We should10.     its disadvantages and make full use of its advantages.

 

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.Definition/Concept 　　

2. goes 　

3.separated 

4.harm

5. depends 

6. effects    

7.deaths   

8.various   

9.exposure 

10.avoid

【解析】

试题分析：

1.Definition/Concept 　总结归纳题。根据文章第一段可知这是放射性污染的定义和概念，故使用Definition/Concept

2.goes 同义句转换。根据第二段第一句The radioactivity of nuclear waste decreases with time.可知随着时间，放射性减低。表格里使用了句中的形式，as后面要接完整的句子。

3. separated 原词再现。根据文章第二段2,3行That means the waste needs to be separated from the reach of living beings until it no longer causes a threat to living beings.

4.harm 同义句转换。根据第二段第三句it no longer causes a threat to living beings.

不再给人来带来伤害。故使用harm。

5.depends 词形变化。根据文章第三段This time period may take from days to months and to years depending upon the radioactive nature of the waste.可知这里使用了depending on。而表格里使用了动词做谓语动词，故使用depends。

6.effects   原词再现。根据文章倒数第二段The effects of radioactive pollution可知是指放射性污染的影响。

7.deaths   词性转换。根据倒数第4段最后一句nearly 225,000 people died within 5 years of the attack due to the radiation effects and cancer.可知原文里是动词，我们这里要使用的是名词。

8.various 词形转换。根据倒数第二段The effects vary from one individual to another. Exposed to radioactive radiations for a long time中的动词vary，转换成表格里的形容词various做表语。

9.exposure 词性转换。根据文章倒数第二段Exposed to radioactive radiations for a long time指是过去分词exposed，表格里需要使用的是名词exposure。

10.avoid 同义句转换。根据文章最后一段In a word, since every coin has its two sides, it’s a good idea to prevent from its disadvantages while making full use of its advantages.可知我们要避免弱点，强化优点。故使用avoid。

考点：考查任务型阅读

点评：本文属于任务型阅读，在完成此类题目时，要仔细阅读短文和表格，根据文章的篇章结构找出原文中的相应的语群，从同义词，近义词，反义词等角度出发，寻找原词再现，进行归纳总结，确定合适的答案。