Are you a compulsive (强迫性的) spender, or do you hold on to your money as long as possible? Are you a bargain hunter? Would you rather use charge accounts than pay cash? Your answers to these questions will reflect your personality. According to psychologists, our individual money habits not only show our beliefs and values, but can also stem from past problems.
Experts in psychology believe that for many people, money is an important symbol of strength and influence. Husbands who complain about their wives’ spending habits may be afraid that they are losing power in their marriage. Wives, on the other hand, may waste huge amounts of money because they are angry at their husbands. In addition, many people consider money a symbol of love. They spend it on their family and friends to express love, or they buy themselves expensive presents because they need love.
People can be addicted to different things — for example, alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. They are compulsive in their addictions, i.e. they must satisfy these needs to feel comfortable. In the same way, according to psychologists, compulsive spenders must spend money. For people who buy on credit, furthermore, charge accounts are even more exciting than money: in other words, they feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasures in spending enormous amounts are actually greater than those they get from the things they buy.
There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they don’t need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game: when they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason.
It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business: they consider people’s needs for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions, etc. in their advertising and sales methods.
Psychologists often use a method called “behavior therapy(疗法)” to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money: they give them “assignments”. If a person buys something in every store that he enters, for instance, a therapist might teach him self-discipline in this way: on the first day of his therapy, he must go into a store, stay five minutes, and then leave. On the second day, he should stay for ten minutes and try something on. On the third day, he stays for fifteen minutes, asks the salesclerk a question, but does not buy anything. Soon he will learn that nothing bad will happen to him if he doesn’t buy anything, and he can solve the problem of his compulsive buying.
1.If you use charge accounts, ______.
A. you pay in cash
B. you pay with credit card
C. you pay less than you should
D. you pay more than you should
2.Compulsive bargain hunters buy things for all the following reasons except that ______.
A. the things they buy are cheap
B. they believe they can balance their budgets
C. they get psychological satisfaction
D. they really need the things they buy
3.Behavior therapy in this case aims at ______.
A. helping businessmen to increase their business
B. helping compulsive spenders to buy less
C. finding out how people will react if they are allowed to buy
D. finding out what people will do in front of a bargain
4.The underlined word “those” in Paragraph 3 refers to ______.
A. different things B. their addictions
C. their pleasures D. charge accounts
5.From the passage we can conclude that ______________.
A. how you spend money reflects if you are psychologically healthy
B. money is a necessity and will bring you happiness if you have much
C. compulsive buying problems can be solved by taking some medicine
D. all businessmen understand well the psychology of customers
科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年江苏淮阴中学高二上第二次月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
It appears that the police now have a device that can read license plates and check if a car is unregistered, uninsured or stolen. We already know that National Security Agency can dip into your Facebook page and Google searches. And it seems that almost every store we go into these days wants your home phone number and ZIP code as part of any deal.
So when Edward Snowden — now cooling his heels in Russia — revealed the extent to which the NSA is spying on Americans, collecting data on phone calls we make, it's not as if we should have been surprised. We live in a world that George Orwell predicted in 1984. And that realization has caused sales of the 1949, dystopian (反乌托邦）novel to spike dramatically upward recently — a 9,000% increase at one point on Amazon. com.
Comparisons between Orwell’s novel about a tightly controlled totalitarian (极权主义的）future ruled by the everywhere-present Big Brother and today are, in fact, quite similar. Here are a few of the most obvious ones.
Telescreens — in the novel, nearly all public and private places have large TV screens that broadcast government propaganda (宣传), news and approved entertainment. But they are also two-way monitors that spy on citizens, private lives. Today websites like Facebook track our likes and dislikes, and governments and private individuals hack into our computers and find out what they want to know. Then there are the ever-present monitoring cameras that spy on the ordinary people as they go about their daily routine.
The endless war — In Orwell’s book, there's global war that has been going on seemingly forever, and as the book's hero, Winston Smith, realizes the enemy keeps changing. One week we’re at war with Eastasia and friends with Eurasia. The next week, it's just the opposite. There seems little to distinguish the two opponents, and they are used primarily to keep the people of Oceania, where Smith lives, in a constant state of fear, thereby making disagreement unthinkable — or punishable. Today we have the so-called war on terror, with no end in sight, a generalized societal fear, suspension of certain civil liberties, and an ill-defined enemy who could be anywhere, and anything.
Newspeak — the fictional, stripped-down English language, used to limit free thought. OMG (Oh my God), RU (Are you) serious? That's so FUBAR (Fucked Beyond Ail Recognition). LMAO (Laugh My Ass Off).
Memory hole — this is the machine used in the book to change or disappear embarrassing documents. Paper shredders (碎纸机） had been invented, but were hardly used when Orwell wrote his book, and the concept of wiping out a hard drive was years in the future. But the memory hole foretold both technologies.
So what’s it all meant? In 1984, Winston Smith, after an intense round of “behavioral modification” — read: torture— learns to love Big Brother, and the difficult world he was born into. Jump forward to today, it seems we’ve willingly given up all sorts of freedoms, and much of our right to privacy. Fears of terrorism have a lot to do with this, but dizzying advances in technology, and the ubiquity of social media, play a big part.
There are those who say that if you don't have anything to hide, you have nothing to be afraid of. But the fact is, when a government agency can monitor everyone’s phone calls, we have all become suspects. This is one of the most frightening aspects of our modem society. And even more frightening is the fact that we have gone so far down the street, there is probably no turning back. Unless you spend your life in a wilderness cabin, totally off the grid, there is simply no way the government won’t have information about you stored away somewhere.
What this means, unfortunately, is that we are all Winston Smith. And Big Brother is the modem surveillance state.
1.What caused 1984 to sell well on Amazon.com?
A. The similarities between the world we live in and that of 1984.
B. The surprise at how Americans are spied on by the government.
C. The fact that authorities have access to our personal information.
D. The worry that our government agencies can monitor our phones.
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. When Orwell wrote 1984, paper shredders didn't exist.
B. The war with Eastasia makes people in Oceania fearful.
C. Telescreens are used to broadcast and spy on citizens’ privacy.
D. Winston Smith loves Big Brother due to the fears of terrorism.
3. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 8 refer to?
A. Addiction to social media.
B. The phone calls being monitored.
C. A round of “behavioral modification”.
D. Willingness to abandon freedom and privacy.
4.The underlined part in the passage replies that _______.
A. it is impossible for us to return to our initial path
B. it’s very difficult for us to change the current situation
C. we are walking along the street too far to go back home
D. the government can find out which street we are going down
5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. We are all Winston Smith.
B. Big Brother is watching you.
C. We’re living “1984” today.
D. The NSA is spying on Americans.
6.What is the writer's attitude towards the phenomenon?
A. Optimistic. B. Concerned. C. Angry. D. Indifferent.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年吉林实验中学高二上学期期末英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
When I asked my daughter which item she would keep; the phone, the car, the cooker, the computer, the TV, or her boyfriend, she said “the phone”. Personally, I could do without the phone entirely, which makes me unusual. Because the telephone is changing our lives more than any other piece of technology.
Point 1 The telephone creates the need to communicate, in the same way that more roads create more traffic. My daughter comes home from school at 4:00 pm and then spends an hour on the phone talking to the very people she has been at school with all day. If the phone did not exist, would she have anything to talk about?
Point 2 The mobile phone means that we are never alone. “The mobile saved my life,”says Crystal Johnstone. She had an accident in her Volvo on the A45 between Otley and Skipton. Trapped inside, she managed to make the call that brought the ambulance(救护车) to her rescue.
Point 3 The mobile removes our secret. It allows marketing manager of Haba Deutsch, Carl Nicolaisen, to ring his sales staff all round the world at any time of day to ask where they are , where they are going, and how their last meeting went.
Point 4 The telephone separates us. Antonella Bramante in Rome says, “We worked in separate offices but I could see him through the window. It was easy to get his number. We were so near——but we didn’t meet for the first two weeks!”
Point 5 The telephone allows us to reach out beyond our own lives. Today we can talk to several complete strangers simultaneously ( 同时地) on chat lines (at least my daughter does. I wouldn’t know what to talk about). We can talk across the world. We can even talk to astronauts (if you know any) while they’re space-walking. And, with the phone line hooked up to the computer, we can access(存取) the Internet, the biggest library on Earth.
1.How do you understand‘Point 1 —The telephone creates the need to communicate, …’？
A. People don’t communicate without telephone.
B. People communicate because of the creating of the telephone.
C. People communicate more since telephone has been created.
D. People communicate more because of more traffic.
2.Which of the following best shows people’s attitude towards mobile phones?
A. Mobile phones help people deal with the emergency.
B. Mobile phones bring convenience as well as little secret to people.
C. Mobile phones are so important and should be encouraged.
D. Mobile phones are part of people’s life.
3.It is possible to talk to several complete strangers simultaneously through _______.
A. the TV screen
B. a fax machine
C. the phone line hooked up to the computer
D. a microphone
4.The best heading for the passage is _________.
A. Phone Power B. Kinds of Phone
C. How to Use Phones D. Advantage of Phones
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年甘肃会宁第一中学高二上期末英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Deserts are found where there is little rainfall or where rain for a whole year falls in only a few weeks' time. Ten inches of rain may be enough for many plants to survive (存活)if the rain is spread throughout the year, If it falls within one or two months and the rest of the year is dry, those plants may die and a desert may form.
Sand begins as tiny pieces of rock that get smaller and smaller as wind and weather wear them down. Sand dunes (沙丘) are formed as winds move the sand across the desert. Bit by bit, the dunes grow over the years, always moving with the winds and changing the shape. Most of them are only a few feet tall, but they can grow to be several hundred feet high.
There is, however, much more to a desert than sand. In the deserts of the southwestern United States, cliffs (悬崖) and deep valleys were formed from thick mud that once lay beneath a sea more than millions of years ago. Over the centuries, the water dried up. Wind, sand, rain, heat and cold all wore away at the remaining rocks. The faces of the desert mountains are always changing –-very, very slowly ---as these forces of nature continue to work on the rock.
Most deserts have a surprising variety of life. There are plants, animals and insects that have adapted to life in the desert. During the heat of the day a visitor may see very few signs of living things, but as the air begins to cool in the evening, the desert comes to life. As the sun begins to rise again in the sky, the desert once again becomes quiet and lonely.
1.Many plants may survive in deserts when__________________.
A. it is dry all the year round
B. the rain falls only in a few weeks
C. there is little rain in a year
D. the rain is spread out in a year
2.Sand dunes are formed when___________________.
A. sand piles up gradually
B. there is plenty of rain in a year
C. the sea has dried up over the years
D. pieces of rock get smaller
3.The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means that in a desert there is____________.
A. too much sand
B. more sand than before
C. nothing except sand
D. something else besides sand
4.It can be learned from the text that in a desert____________.
A. there is no rainfall throughout the year
B. life exists in rough conditions
C. all sand dunes are a few feet high
D. rocks are worn away only by wind and heat
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届黑龙江牡丹江第一中学高三上期末模拟英语试卷（解析版） 题型：书面表达
书面表达
假如你是李华，Sara是你的英文笔友，她在微博上发帖求助。你就她的帖子中所提出的问题，简要分析其原因，并给出一些建议。
Hi，recently I’ve been bothered a lot for I always fail to carry on the goals I set. Various obstacles (障碍物) are always getting in my way. Could you give me some suggestions on how to start realizing my goals? |
写作要点： 1. 就这个问题告诉Sara你的观点；
2. 简要分析其原因；
3. 给Sara提出解决问题的具体建议。
注意： 1. 信的开头、结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数；
2. 词数120左右。
Hi, Sara,
As a student of your age, I understand your situation. __________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届浙江临海台州中学高三上第三次统练英语试卷（解析版） 题型：单项填空
With many cities in China dreadfully blanketed by thick haze, the environmental problem is _____ Chinese people concern most nowadays.
A. what B. which C. where D. when
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届广东广州执信中学高三上学期期中英语试卷（解析版） 题型：其他题
默写：按照背书的内容填空，每空可填不止一个单词。
Lesson 36 NCE Book 3
We are 1. than we used to be. In the nineteenth century, a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion by presenting his readers with 2.—most of them wildly improbable. Readers happily 3. that an obscure maidservant was really the hero’s mother. A long-lost brother, who 4. , was really alive all the time and wickedly plotting to bring about the hero’s downfall. And so on. Modern readers would find 5. totally unacceptable. …
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年山西临汾第一中学高一12月月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：七选五
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Forgiveness
Forgiveness is a quality that is difficult to possess. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research.
1. Try the following steps：
Calm yourself. 2. You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love.
Don’t wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same way.
3. Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.
Take the control away from your offender(冒犯者). Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you.
4. If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender’s point of view.
Don’t forget to forgive yourself. 5. But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don’t do it.
A. How should you start to forgive?
B. Why should you forgive?
C. Try to see things from your offender’s angle.
D. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.
E. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.
F. If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.
G. To make your anger die away, try a simple stressmanagement technique.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届江苏省高三12月月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：书面表达
书面表达
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
George claims that he read 53 books in 2014. My friend and I found this fairly unbelievable, considering he seems to have a pretty full schedule.
Anyway, it appears that I am on track to read 72 new books this year. But I've come to realize that this number can easily be skewed（扭曲）. For instance, currently I am reading Rising Tide: The Story of the Mississippi Flood of 1927. This book is over 700 pages. It's going to take me the month of May (along with Harry Potter rereads; I can't read nonfiction while going to sleep). So my May average will be way off. However, when I read chick-lits (鸡仔文学, 都市女性文学), I can get those done in a day. I guess it all depends on what I choose to read.
In reality, reading is beneficial because it encourages us to slow down our thinking, and also to fully interpret someone else's experience. Reading keeps the mind sharp and expands a person’s vocabulary. We read to educate ourselves. We read to help ourselves. We read to escape our own lives and live in that of another for a little while.
【写作内容】
1．以约30个词概括上文的主要内容；
2．以约120个词就“读书”这个话题谈谈你的想法，内容包括：
（1）对比上文，你每年阅读多少书籍；
（2）举例说明你从阅读中获得的好处；
（3）呼吁人们多读书。
【写作要求】
1．可以使用实例来支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
【评分标准】 概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯
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