11．How was it that an American ship came to be sunk by American mines in a port held by American forces？
Built in1931，the luxury liner SS President Coolidge was a 10-year veteran（退伍军人） of the Pacific before she was pressed into service by the military and converted to carry troops．
On October 26，1942，towards the end of her first year of World War II service，the Coolidge hit an American mine in the east entrance of the Segond Channel on Espiritu Santo，one of the islands of the New Herbrides（now Vanuatu），and sank in 36meters of water．
Though all but two of the 5000officers and men aboard were saved，the loss of the ship was a military scandal．She had escaped the Japanese during the worst part of the war in the Pacific，only to be lost because of a series of disastrous American mistakes．
The master of the Coolidge，Henry Nelson，claimed he hadn't been warned that the harbor was mined．Worse，in terms of wartime security，neither of the two US destroyers the Coolidge had encountered had challenged her．Nor had they relayed the vital information about the mines．"The first warning was from a signal station further in the harbor telling me to stop，that we were approaching danger，"he wrote．
‘I，in turn，stopped the engines and backed the engines，but with the speed we were moving，we still went too far and we struck two mines．I immediately，with the speed we had left，headed the ship to the beach，and ordered"abandon ship"，which was done and completed in 45minutes．'‘No one mentioned to me，no one informed me，that there was a mine field in Espiritu Santo．Had there been some knowledge of mines，I never would have approached anywhere visible．'
Captain Nelson was exonerated（免罪） by a court of inquiry but those responsible did not escape blame．The port director's office at Noumea and the inefficiency of an experienced commanding officer of a navy patrol（巡逻队） and pilot boat were blamed．
Today，the Coolidge is one of the world's best wreck dives．Much of her original luxury decoration remains，including The Lady，perhaps the most photographed underwater icon in the world．Military equipment she was transporting can also still be seen．
（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．）
78．The ship was"pressed into service by the military"suggests that it wasforced into becoming a military ship/pressed into service by the military．．
79．What caused the sinking of the ship？American mines that navy patrol failed to inform the captain about
80．Why did the ship still hit the mines after the captain stopped the engines？Because the speed of the ship made it impossible
81．Why was the sinking of this ship a"scandal"？Because she sank for hitting her own navy's mines/Because she sank for a series of disastrous American mistakes．/Because she sank for American mistakes not for the war．．
分析 本文主要讲述了为什么美国军舰会被美国军队的鱼雷击沉．
解答 78．forced into becoming a military ship/pressed into service by the military．
79．American mines that navy patrol failed to inform the captain about
80．Because the speed of the ship made it impossible
81．Because she sank for hitting her own navy's mines/Because she sank for a series of disastrous American mistakes．/Because she sank for American mistakes not for the war．
78 由第二段的"Bulit in 1931，the luxury liner SS President Coolidge was a 10-year veteran（退伍军人）of the Pacific before she was pressed into service by the military and converted to carry troops．"可知，这艘船本来已经退役，后来又被迫进行了改装，并再次服役．
79．由第三段的"On October 26，1942，towards the end of her first year of World WarⅡservice，the Coolodge hit an American mine in the east entrance of the Segond Channel on Espiritu Santo，one of the islands of the New Herbrides（now Vanuatu），and sank in 36 meters of water．"及第六段的"No one mentioned to me，no one informed me，that there was a mine field in Espiritu Santo．"可知，因为没有被告知在Espiritu Santo安置了水雷，这艘船被美国人自己的水雷给炸沉了．
80 由第六段的"I，in turn，stopped the engines and backed the engines，but with the speed we were moving，we still went too far and we stuck two mines．I immediately，with the speed we had left，headed the ship to the beach，and ordered‘abandon ship'，which was done and completed in 45 minutes．"可知，尽管得到了警告，但是船的运行速度使的她没能躲开水雷．
81 由第四段的"She had escaped the Japanese during the worst part of the war in the Pacific，only to be lost because of a series of disastrous American mistakes．"可知，这次沉船被称为一次"丑闻"，是因为她躲过了与日本在太平洋战争中最残酷的战斗，最终却因为美国人自己的种种失误而被自己的水雷给炸沉了．
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