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  If Earth, Venus(金星)and Mars(火星)all started out with water on their surfaces, why don't Venus and Mars still have liquid water on their surfaces?

  Earth, Venus and Mars probably all began with similar amounts of water. Mars still has some of its water--but it's frozen underground. Scientists aren't sure how much water Venus had on its surface, and when that water was lost. Theories suggest that Venus once had abundant water--maybe even a large ocean.

  But Venus lost its water--due to what's called a“runaway greenhouse effect”. Water vapor is a strong greenhouse gas--in other words, it traps heat. Water vapor may have caused Venus to heat up--which increased evaporation(蒸发)on the planet's surface--which increased warming even further. It eventually got so hot on Venus that all the surface water evaporated.

  Today Venus is covered by thick clouds composed of droplets of sulfuric acid(硫磺酸)and carbon dioxide--another strong greenhouse gas. The planet's nearness to the sun and its greenhouse effect keep the planet very hot--about 900 Fahrenheit--or hot enough to melt lead.

  When speaking of the possibility of liquid water on other planets, some scientists refer to the“Goldilocks problem”. That is, Venus is too hot, Mars is too cold, and Earth is just right.

(1)Which of the following statements can best describe the main idea of the passage?

[  ]

A.Earth, Venus and Mars probably all began with similar amounts of water.

B.Water vapor is a strong greenhouse gas.

C.It explains why Venus and Mars don't have liquid water on their surfaces.

D.It tells the fact that Venus is too hot, Mars is too cold, and Earth is just right.

(2)Venus lost its water because ________ .

[  ]

A.the water evaporated

B.the water is frozen underground

C.it once had very little water

D.it is covered by thick clouds

(3)From the passage,“greenhouse effect”is ________ .

[  ]

A.the effect of growing plants in a greenhouse

B.caused by the nearness to the sun

C.caused by the loss of water

D.the effect as a result of heat being trapped

(4)The meaning of the underlined word“abundant”in the first paragraph is most similar to ________ .

[  ]

A.a large amount of
B.a small amount of
C.some
D.liquid
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