16．Mathilda，15，is Turkana，a native people that has survived by raising cattle in a semiarid （半干旱） region．Mathilda's school，like most schools in the area，doesn't have access to clean water and sanitation facilities for its students．So instead of spending their whole school day learning，Mathilda and her classmates start their day by spending two hours to the closest river fetching water---water that is anyway most likely not safe to drink．They do the same thing again in the afternoon，so they often lose around half of their school day fetching water．
Mathilda has to do the same thing outside of school hours to get the water her family needs at home，leaving her little time for studying．Because of rising temperatures，water has become harder and harder to find here，and people have to spend more and more time trying to find it．
This is just one small example of how climate change is making it harder to realize people's rights to water，education and security．Unfortunately，most higher-income countries remained silent on the issue．
This is despite studies showing that communities already facing marginalization（边缘化），such as women and children，mostly suffer from climate change．This is especially the case for those in countries with limited resources and fragile ecosystems．
Meanwhile，women consist of the majority of the world's poor，and so are more dependent for their livelihood on natural resources that are threatened by climate change．And around the world，women and girls are the most likely to be responsible for fetching water for their families．
This exposes them to danger and leaves them with less time to attend school，earn money，or simply to rest．But the fact is that the effects of climate change will be felt globally．
Despite the difficulties she is facing，trying to get an education，Mathilda says she hopes to serve her community in a leadership role when she grows up．
"All of the world's leaders need to work together to solve this problem that we are all facing，"she said．
28．Mathilda has to spendCfetching water every school day．
A．two hours
B．four hours
C．more than four hours
D．almost a whole day
29．The first two paragraphs are intended to tell usB．
A．the cause and effect of lack of water
B．one serious consequence of climate change
C．the difficulties in fetching water in the semiarid region
D．the hardship of life for the people in the semiarid region
30．We can conclude from the passage thatA．
A．climate change is everyone's business
B．water is becoming rare because of rising temperatures
C．fetching water takes up Mathilda's half of studying time
D．females are more responsible for fetching water for their families
31．The passage is mainly about the problem caused byC．
A．rising temperatures
B．fetching water
C．climate change
D．water shortage．
分析 文章主要讲的是气候变化给人们的生活带来的影响．
解答 28-31 CBAC
28．C 细节题．由第一段倒数一二句"Mathilda and her classmates start their day by spending two hours to the closest river fetching water"，"They do the same thing again in the afternoon"及第二段第一句"Mathilda has to do the same thing outside of school hours to get the water her family needs at home"可知 Mathilda 在学校里每天上午和下午取水时间为4个小时，而放学后还要为家里取水，故取总的水时间大于四个小时．A项，"两个小时"，B项，"多于四个小时"，D项，"几乎一整天"，均错误．故正确答案为C．
29．B 推断题．由第三段第一句"This is just one small example of how climate change is making it harder to realize people's rights to water，education and security．"可知前两段都是在讲气候变化导致的后果，故B项正确．A项，"缺水的原因及影响"，C项，"在半干旱地区取水的困难"，D项，"半干旱地区人们的生活困难"，均为气候变化所导致的后果，太过片面，不能和后文紧密联系起来，是文章表面信息，而不是深层含义，故错误．故正确答案为B．
30．A 推断题．由第六段最后一句"But the fact is that the effects of climate change will be felt globally．"可知气候变化的影响是全球性的，故A项正确．B项"水变得稀有是因为温度上升"，C项"取水占据了 Mathilda 一半的学习时间"，D项"女性更有义务为她们的家庭取水"，均为文章已提出的现象，故错误．故正确答案为A．
31．C 主旨题．文章主要讲的是气候变化给人们的生活带来的影响，故C项正确．A项，"上升的气温"；B项，"取水"；D项，"水资源缺乏"；均为气候变化而导致的问题，不能全面地说明文章的主要问题，故错误．故正确答案为C．
点评 阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．
