Cutting meat production and consumption by 30 percent would help to reduce carbon emissions(排放) and improve health in the most meat-loving nations, scientists said on Wednesday.
Using prediction models, British and Australian researchers 1 that improving efficiency, increasing carbon capture and 2 fossil fuel dependence in farming would not be enough to 3 emissions targets.
But combining these steps 4 a 30 percent reduction in livestock(家畜) 5 in major meat-producing nations and a similar 6 in meat-eating, would lead to "substantial population health benefits" and cut emissions, they said.
The study found that in Britain, a 30 percent 7 intake of animal-source saturated(饱和的) fat by adults would reduce the 8 of premature(过早的) deaths from heart disease by some 17 percent -- equivalent to 18,000 premature deaths reduced in one year.
In Sao Paulo, Brazil, it could mean as 9 as 1,000 premature deaths reduced in a year, they said.
10 the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, 18 percent of all greenhouse gas emissions are from meat production and experts say rising 11 for meat, particularly in countries with growing economies, could 12 livestock production up by 85 percent from 2000 levels 13 2030.
The scientists said global action was needed to maximize the benefits of cutting meat production and 14 , and that the environmental 15 "may apply only in those countries that currently have high production levels."
The study was 16 in The Lancet medical journal as part of a series in climate change and health 17 the Copenhagen global climate summit scheduled next month.
In a second study, British scientists found that increased walking and cycling, and 18 cars, would have a much greater impact on health 19 low-emission vehicles in rich and middle-income countries.
Andrew Haines, director of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and head of the research series, said delegates at Copenhagen needed "to understand the potential 20 impacts of their plans."
( ) 1. A. invented B. experimented C. found D. proved
( ) 2. A. increasing B. speeding C. stopping D. reducing
( ) 3. A. meet B. change C. break D. adapt
( ) 4. A. by B. with C. to D. in
( ) 5. A. sale B. eating C. production D. use
( ) 6. A. cut B. increase C. addition D. consumption
( ) 7. A. lower B. higher C. more D. less
( ) 8. A. amount B. number C. quantity D. deal
( ) 9. A. much B. many C. few D. little
( ) 10. A. According to B. Apart from C. As well as D. In addition to
( ) 11. A. resistance B. fear C. demand D. anxiety
( ) 12. A. weaken B. strengthen C. drive D. broaden
( ) 13. A. in B. by C. from D. after
( ) 14. A. evaluation B. consumption C. process D. store
( ) 15. A. advantage B. disadvantage C. pollution D. improvement
( ) 16. A. written B. claimed C. delivered D. published
( ) 17. A. along with B. from behind C. ahead of D. in front of
( ) 18. A. more B. fewer C. no . none
( ) 19. A. then B. as C. that D. than
( ) 20. A. health B. body C. spirit D. emotion
1-20 CDABC AABBA CCBBA DCBDA
本文说明了减少肉类食物的消耗量不仅可以更健康的生活,还有助于节能减排。做本完形填空要求学生注重把生活常识和本文作者的行文逻辑紧密的结合起来。
1. C英国和澳大利亚的研究人员通过使用预测模型进行研究后发现,仅靠提高能源使用率、增加碳收集以及降低农业对矿物燃料的依赖还不足以实现减排目标。由此我们得知此空要填上表示“发现”之意的动词,也就是:found(find的过去式),而ABD项所表达的意思:发明,实验,证明,都不符合此处的语言逻辑。最具有迷惑性的是proved(证明),因为是利用预测模型进行研究后得出的结论,所以最合适的就应该是强调结果的“发现”。
2. D由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处表示降低农业对矿物燃料的依赖之意,表示降低之意单词只有D项:reducing,其余三项分别表示:增加,加速,停止,其中最具迷惑性的是C项:stopping(停止),根据日常生活常识我们知道农业生产不可能停止使用各种矿物质燃料。
3. A由第一题的分析我们可以断定此处要填上表示“达到,实现”之意的动词,BCD三项分别表示:改变,打破,调整,只有A项:meet(满足)可以表达这样的意思。
4. B但研究人员称,如果在此基础上将肉类主要生产国的家畜产量和肉类消费分别降低30%,则可“极大增进人们的健康”,同时减少碳排放,我们得知此空得填上和combine:把……和……结合起来,这四个介词当中表示和之意的只有with,ACD项的意思与combine都和语境不搭配,这是因为by表示由……;to表示对于……;in表示在……里面。
5. C由上一题的分析和日常生活常识,我们得知肉是由养殖的家畜屠宰之后,才为人们所消费。故此空填上表示家畜“生产”的名词,也就是production,其余的ABD三项分别表示:销售,食用,应用,语意方面都不符合此处的语言逻辑。
6. A由第四题的分析我们不难判断,这儿填上表示“削减”的名词也就是cut,BCD三项所表达的意思分别是:增加,累加,消费。无论述意思还是逻辑上都与这儿的语境逻辑不相搭配。
7. A研究发现,在英国,如果成年人摄入的动物饱和脂肪量减少30%,那么因心脏病而早逝的病例数可减少17%,相当于一年避免1.8万例早死病例。这四个选项中表示较低的是A项:lower。BCD三项分别依次表示:较高,较多,较大,于此处的语境逻辑上不相适宜。
8. B 经过上一题的分析,我们得知此处表示因心脏病而早逝的“病例数”,即是number,而ACD三项往往用来修饰不可数名词,并且它们都表示量,不表示数。
9. B研究人员称,在巴西圣保罗市,这意味着每年可避免多达一千个早死病例。这四个选项中只有as many as 表示多达之意,并且用来修饰可数名词death。ACD三项中A项用来修饰不可数名词,CD两项在意思表示少的意思,不符合这儿的作者所表达的语意。
10.A联合国粮农组织的数据显示,18%的温室气体排放来自于肉类生产。我们判断这儿的the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization是个机构名词,那么此处就表示根据……之意,也即是A项,BCD三项所分别表达的:除了…,和……一样,另外还有…,和这儿的语言逻辑不契合。
11.C专家称,到2030年,不断增长的肉类需求,尤其是发展中经济体的肉类需求,将推动家畜产量在2000年的基础上增长85%。 我们确定这个空要填上表示需求之意的名词,也即是demand。ABD三项依次分别表示:抵抗,害怕,焦虑,不能和这儿的作者的行文逻辑相吻合。
12.C经过上一题的分析,我们得知此空应该填上表示“推动”之意的动词,而drive最合适。ABD三项的:弱化,强化,拓宽,显得不伦不类。
13.B由第11题的分析,确定这里表示增长的程度的介词,此四个词语中只有by可以表示这样的词义。ACD项各自表示:在…..里(方面),从……(地方),在…..之后。此三项都没有表示程度的意思。
14.B科学家表示,世界各国需采取行动,将减少肉类生产消费的益处最大化,由此产生的环境优势“可能只适用于目前肉类生产量较高的国家”,此处应该是填上表示消费的名词,此四个词语当中ACD依次分别表示:评估,过程,存储,明显不合适,B项consumption就表示消费之意,最为贴切。
15.A由第14题的分析确定这里填上表示优势的名词,也就是A项advantage。BCD项依次表示:不利,污染,改进,在语言逻辑上和作者的行文逻辑不相吻合。
16.D由常识判断,研究结果往往刊登在报刊、书籍、网站、杂志上,故此处填写D项published,ABC三项依次表示写,呼吁,送或者提供。最具有迷惑性的是A项,由上面的分析我们断定这个词语也不符合常识。
17.C在下月的哥本哈根全球环境峰会召开前,该杂志刊发了一系列有关气候变化与健康的文章,要填上“在……之前”,ABD三项中D项的最容易让人混淆,但是它表示在……前面,通常是指地理方位。AB两项:和……一起,从……的后面,就显得更不适宜了。
18.B在另一项研究中,英国科学家发现,在富裕和中等收入国家,多走路骑车、少开车对于健康的益处比乘坐低排放量的交通工具要大很多,这儿填上表示较少的之意的形容词。A项more是较多的,C项no是没有(这个根据生活常识是不可能),D项往往和of搭配,不直接跟上名词。而C项fewer表示较少的,用来修饰可数名词。
19.D由上一题分析断定此处表示:比…….这四个单词中就只有D项了。ABC三项中的所有意思:和…..,和……,为了……。AB两项的汉语意思是“和”,但没有“比……”之意,
20.A全文都是论述减少肉类食物的消耗量不仅可以更健康的生活,还有助于节能减排,其实节能减排也是为了人类的健康。故这儿填上D项health:健康,而不是BCD项的:身体,精神,和情感。
科目:高中英语 来源:2011浙江杭州二中高三5月模拟英语试卷 题型:阅读理解
When I was fourteen, I earned money in the summer by cutting lawns(草坪), and within a few weeks I had built up a body of customers. I got to know people by the flowers they planted that I had to remember not to cut down, by the things they lost in the grass or struck in the ground on purpose. I reached the point with most of them when I knew in advance what complaint was about to be spoken, which particular request was most important. And I learned something about the measure of my neighbors by their preferred method of payment: by the job, by the month--- or not at all.
Mr. Ballou fell into the last category, and he always had a reason why. On one day, he had no change for a fifty, on another he was flat out of checks, on another, he was simply out when I knocked on his door. Still, except for the money apart, he was a nice enough guy, always waving or tipping his hat when he’d see me from a distance. I figured him for a thin retirement check, maybe a work-relayed injury that kept him from doing his own yard work. Sure, I kept track of the total, but I didn’t worry about the amount too much. Grass was grass, and the little that Mr. Ballou’s property comprised didn’t take long to trim (修剪).
Then, one late afternoon in mid-July, the hottest time of the year, I was walking by his house and he opened the door, mentioned me to come inside. The hall was cool, shaded, and it took my eyes a minute to adjust to the dim light.
“ I owe you,” Mr Ballou, “ but…”
I thought I’d save him the trouble of thinking of a new excuse. “ No problem. Don’t worry about it.”
“ The bank made a mistake in my account,” he continued, ignoring my words. “ It will be cleared up in a day or two . But in the meantime I thought perhaps you could choose one or two volumes for a down payment.
He gestured toward the walls and I saw that books were stacked (堆放) everywhere. It was like a library, except with no order to the arrangement.
“ Take your time,” Mr. Ballou encouraged. “Read, borrow, keep. Find something you like. What do you read?”
“ I don’t know.” And I didn’t. I generally read what was in front of me, what I could get from the paperback stack at the drugstore, what I found at the library, magazines, the back of cereal boxes, comics. The idea of consciously seeking out a special title was new to me, but, I realized, not without appeal--- so I started to look through the piles of books.
“ You actually read all of these?”
“ This isn’t much,” Mr. Ballou said. “ This is nothing, just what I’ve kept, the ones worth looking at a second time.”
“ Pick for me, then.”
He raised his eyebrows, cocked his head, and regarded me as though measuring me for a suit. After a moment, he nodded, searched through a stack, and handed me a dark red hardbound book, fairly thick.
“ The Last of the Just,” I read. “ By Andre Schwarz-Bart. What’s it about?” “ You tell me,” he said. “ Next week.”
I started after supper, sitting outdoors on an uncomfortable kitchen chair. Within a few pages, the yard, the summer, disappeared, and I was plunged into the aching tragedy of the Holocaust, the extraordinary clash of good, represented by one decent man, and evil. Translated from French, the language was elegant, simple, impossible to resist. When the evening light finally failed I moved inside, read all through the night,
To this day, thirty years later, I vividly remember the experience. It was my first voluntary encounter with world literature, and I was stunned (震惊) by the concentrated power a novel could contain. I lacked the vocabulary, however, to translate my feelings into words, so the next week. When Mr. Ballou asked, “ Well?” I only replied, “ It was good?”
“ Keep it, then,” he said. “ Shall I suggest another?”
I nodded, and was presented with the paperback edition of Margaret Mead’s Coming of Age in Samoa ( a very important book on the study of the social and cultural development of peoples--- anthropology (人类学) ).
To make two long stories short, Mr. Ballou never paid me a cent for cutting his grass that year or the next, but for fifteen years I taught anthropology at Dartmouth College. Summer reading was not the innocent entertainment I had assumed it to be, not a light-hearted, instantly forgettable escape in a hammock (吊床) ( though I have since enjoyed many of those, too). A book, if it arrives before you at the right moment, in the proper season, at an internal in the daily business of things, will change the course of all that follows.
【小题1】.The author thought that Mr. Ballou was ______________.
A.rich but mean | B.poor but polite |
C.honest but forgettable | D.strong but lazy |
A.anything and everything | B.only what was given to him |
C.only serious novels | D.nothing in the summer |
A.light-heated and enjoyable | B.dull but well written |
C.impossible to put down | D.difficult to understand |
A.read all books twice | B.did not do much reading |
C.read more books than he kept | D.preferred to read hardbound books |
A.started studying anthropology at college | B.continued to cut Mr. Ballou’s lawn |
C.spent most of his time lazing away in a hammock | |
D.had forgotten what he had read the summer before |
A.summer jobs are really good for young people |
B.you should insist on being paid before you do a job |
C.a good book can change the direction of your life |
D.a book is like a garden carried in the pocket. |
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科目:高中英语 来源:2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试重庆卷英语试题 题型:阅读理解
While all my classmates seen to be crazy about a one-way ticket to Mars(火星), I’d rather say Mars is totally unsuitable for human existence. People won’t have enough food supplies there, and the terrible environment would make it impossible for them to live a long life. Besides, the journey won’t be safe. Can anybody explain to me just why people would go to Mars, never to return?
Steve Minear, UK
Here are the things you can think of: the desire to explore a foreign and unique environment, the excitement of being the first humans to open up a new world, the expectation of fame and glory…For scientists there is another reason. Their observations and research will probably lead to great scientific achievements.
Donal Trollop, Canada
There are already too many people on the Earth. I think that sometime before the end of the century, there will be a human colony(殖民地)on Mars. It will happen when people finally realize that tow-way trips to the red planet Mars are unnecessary. Most of the danger of space Flight is in the launches(发射) and landings. Cutting the trip home would therefore reduce the danger of accidents, save a lot of money, and open the way to building an everlasting human settlement on another world.
Enough supplies can be sent on ahead. And every two years more supplies and more people will needs, and Mars is far more pleasant than the other planets in the outer space.
Paul Davies. USA
【小题1】 The main purpose of Steve Minear’s writing is .
A.to report his classmates’ discussion | B.to invite an answer to his question |
C.to explain the natural state of Mars | D.to show his agreement on going to Mars |
A.There is a plan to send humans to Mars. |
B.There are many reasons for going to Mars. |
C.Scientists become famous by doing research on Mars. |
D.It is possible to build an Earth-like environment on Mars. |
A.humans need only a one-way ticket to Mars. |
B.two-way trips to Mars will be made safe soon |
C.it is easy to reduce the danger and cost of flights to Mars |
D.it is cheap to build an everlasting human settlement on Mars |
A.Humans will have to bring all they need from the Earth. |
B.Humans will find Mars totally unsuitable for living. |
C.Humans can produce everything they need. |
D.Humans can live longer in the colony on Mars |
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科目:高中英语 来源:20102011学年浙江省高二下学期第二次月考英语试题 题型:完型填空
完型填空 (共20小题,每小题1分,满分20分)
The sun didn’t come out. The 15 – year – old girl Razeena said goodbye to her mother and left for school. She was thinking about the coming Christmas and 21 the holiday lights at the nearby senior citizens’ apartment 22 she noticed some smoke through the door.
The building is on fire ! She looked around wildly, 23 not a soul was in 24 .
Razeena 25 .“Fire ! ” she yelled, running into the hallway and striking on every door she saw, “Everybody get 26 !” The building had two floors, she pulled herself 27 ,where the thick 28 was hanging just a few feet 29 the floor. She could see pairs of slippered feet——but no one was moving. She 30 they couldn’t see where to go ! “Down here ! and follow me !” she yelled. 31 a sleeve over her mouth, she led the elderly residents (居民) down the stairs.
So she pounded up and down the stairs, weaving through the smoke and heat to 32 more people. “ Take my arm,” she told the extremely 33 residents. Her eyes burned and flames were hissing louder. Finally, she led the last person out. 34 stood on the side walk, dazed and crying. “Thank you so much,” they told her over and over, “ Without you, we never would have 35 .”
When Razeena walked home, shaking and 36 with dirt, mother cried, “ What happened?!”
“ There was a fire…so many people … I think I 37 them all.” She burst into tears, “ I 38 my uniform. I thought you might be mad! ” Mother 39 her head, tears in her eyes, “Oh honey, I’m so 40 of you,” she whispered.
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科目:高中英语 来源:0910学年海南省高一上学期第三次月考 题型:完形填空
第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,共30分)
请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I went to a birthday party and I remembered what you said. You told me not to drink at all, so I had a Sprite(雪碧) 36 . I felt proud of myself, that I didn’t choose to drink and drive 37 some friends said I should.
I knew I made a wise 38 . Your advice to me was right. As the party 39 ended and the kids drove out of sight, I got into my own 40 , sure to get home at once, never 41 what was coming — something I 42 least. Now I’m lying on the roadside, and I can hear the policeman say:“The kid that caused this accident was 43 .” His voice seems far away. My own blood (血) is all around me. I try hard not to 44 . I can hear someone say: ”This girl is going to die.”
I’m sure the guy had no idea while he was flying 45 . Because he chose to 46 and drive, now I will have to die. So why do people do it since they know that it ruins 47 ? But now the pain is cutting me 48 a hundred stabbing(刺痛的)knives. Tell my sister not to be 49 , tell Daddy to be brave, and if possibly I have to see 50 , put “Daddy’s Girl” on my grave(墓穴).
Someone should have 51 him that it’s wrong to drink and drive. Maybe if his mom and dad had done so, I wouldn’t be like this. My 52 is getting shorter. I’m getting really scared. These are my final 53 and I’m so 54 .
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36. A. as well
37. A. after
38. A. choice
39. A. firstly
40. A. car
41. A. explaining
42. A. unexpected
43. A. lost
44. A. cry
45. A. low
46. A. smoke
47. A. health
48. A. like
49. A. lucky
50. A. my friends
51. A. asked
52. A. breath
53. A. time
54. A. unknown
55. A. hope
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科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:阅读理解
第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,共30分)
请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I went to a birthday party and I remembered what you said. You told me not to drink at all, so I had a Sprite(雪碧) 36 . I felt proud of myself, that I didn’t choose to drink and drive 37 some friends said I should.
I knew I made a wise 38 . Your advice to me was right. As the party 39 ended and the kids drove out of sight, I got into my own 40 , sure to get home at once, never 41 what was coming — something I 42 least. Now I’m lying on the roadside, and I can hear the policeman say:“The kid that caused this accident was 43 .” His voice seems far away. My own blood (血) is all around me. I try hard not to 44 . I can hear someone say: ”This girl is going to die.”
I’m sure the guy had no idea while he was flying 45 . Because he chose to 46 and drive, now I will have to die. So why do people do it since they know that it ruins 47 ? But now the pain is cutting me 48 a hundred stabbing(刺痛的)knives. Tell my sister not to be 49 , tell Daddy to be brave, and if possibly I have to see 50 , put “Daddy’s Girl” on my grave(墓穴).
Someone should have 51 him that it’s wrong to drink and drive. Maybe if his mom and dad had done so, I wouldn’t be like this. My 52 is getting shorter. I’m getting really scared. These are my final 53 and I’m so 54 .
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